The prison experience has traditionally been examined from two perspectives, i.e., deprivation or importation. The amount of time spent in prison, the degree of assimilation into the inmate subculture (prisonization), changes in self-esteem, and self-disclosure are associated with the deprivation model. Advocates of the importation model, however,…

Factors influencing the use of nonacoustic aids (such as visual displays and tactile devices) with the hearing impaired are reviewed. The benefits of tactile devices in improving speech reading/lipreading and speech are pointed out. Tactile aids which provide information on rhythm, rate, intensity, and duration of speech increase lipreading and…

A study was conducted to determine how Washington, D.C., reporters cover business policy issues and to explain why they report this news as they do. The study used J. Grunig's situational theory of communication behavior as a basis for developing a typology of Washington reporters based upon their perceptions of four business policy issues. A…

It is argued that learning from different sources greatly depends on the differential way in which these sources are perceived, for these perceptions determine to an important extent the mental effort expended in the learning process. Two ideas are discussed: (1) amount of mental effort investment (AIME), defined as the number of nonautomatic…

This paper reviews the aspects of cognitive science that relate best to using electrical and magnetic recording to understand the function of brain systems. It outlines a framework for relating cognitive activities of daily life (typing, reading) to underlying neural systems. The framework uses five levels of analysis: task, elementary operations,…

Role theory, which posits that people play parts determined to some extent by others' expectations, was used in an investigation of the relationship between public relations practitioners and journalists. Twelve journalists and 14 public relations practitioners were asked to describe both roles in terms of a variety of attributes or…

Since grandparents can have profound influence on their grandchildren's upbringing, understanding how grandparents present models of male and female roles may enhance understanding of early sex-role socialization. Sex differences in perceptions of grandparenting were examined in a group of grandmothers (N=177) and grandfathers (N=105) who…

The identity problems of school psychologists are complicated by the emergence of applied developmental psychology. Traditionally, school psychology has recognized developmental psychology as one of its major foundations; however, the two fields are not synonymous. School psychology also applies other disciplinary practices, and conversely, all…

As a result of an effective feminist movement and effective technological developments, men are faceing drastic and dramatic changes in their personal and work lives. Consequently, more men, and specifically more older men, are entering psychotherapy than ever before. Men in their 50's are facing problems associated with shifts away from…

Students air their ambivalent views on male and female roles and sexual relationships in today's society. (PG)

Students' perceptions of the Purdue University environment were compared with their perceptions of an ideal university environment on a 41-item, 4-scale questionnaire. Results indicated that the students felt Purdue differed significantly from the ideal on 38 of the items. (Author)

Young children matching the orientation of (a) identical realistic figures that could form mirror images of each other, or (b) nonidentical realistic figures that could not form mirror images, produced the same pattern of errors. The explanation proposed is a strategy of matching analogous parts of the two figures. (Author/SDH)

Elementary school children made same-different judgments of prototypes of letterlike forms paired with transforms of these prototypes generated on a dimension either critical or noncritical for object identification. Results challenge the view that dimensions irrelevant in object identification are ignored or not detected in graphic…

Examines whether the sterotypic conceptions of the black woman influence her attitude toward "traditional" sex-roles, using data from the administration of three attitude scales and a biographical questionnaire to two women's organizations in Houston in the Spring and Summer of 1973. (Author/JM)