Background: Water safety education is essential to prevent drowning. In Australia, while water safety education is included in the school curriculum, the focus is often on skill attainment rather than knowledge. Methods: This study assessed water safety knowledge in Grade 5 and 6 students (aged 9-11 years). Surveys were conducted with students and…

Research Findings: Temperament, which can be assessed as early as 3 months, is associated with school readiness and later academic achievement in children born full term. Although children born preterm demonstrate a dysregulated temperament and are at significant risk for lower school readiness, we found no studies investigating whether early…

Purpose: Almost all epidemiologic studies estimating autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence have focused on school-age children. This study provides the first population-based data on the prevalence and expression of ASD among adolescents in a large US metropolitan region. Methods: Active multiple source ASD surveillance of adolescents aged…

Researchers have increasingly understood their positionality should be actively considered. However, these considerations usually focus on select characteristics, treat "identity" as a fixed construct, and are limited to discussions of research methodology. Returning to fieldnotes from one community that has long exemplified the…

This book synthesises research on very early language learning in pre-primary organised instruction settings such as kindergarten, nursery or afternoon classes. Using a framework of ecological development, it investigates the nested systems in which very young learners operate, the other agents involved in each of these systems and the influence…

Using the data on 6.8 million individuals from the 1980, 1990, and 2000 decennial censuses and the 2010 and 2019 American Community Surveys, we document changes in living alone over the four decades across five ten-year age groups--twenty-five to thirty-four, thirty-five to forty-four, forty-five to fifty-four, fifty-five to sixty-four, and…

Completely switching from cigarette smoking to electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) reduces exposure to toxic substances. Yet, many smokers believe that ENDS are at least as harmful as smoking, making them less likely to switch from cigarettes to ENDS. Effectively communicating reduced-exposure information is critical, but such messages…

Fatigue is associated with numerous harmful physical and mental health outcomes. Despite the established relationship between sleep and fatigue, research examining sleep variability within a person (i.e. intraindividual variability; IIV) and fatigue is limited. In addition, the associations between child and parent sleep regarding parent fatigue…

Television programs have introduced viewers to characters on the autism spectrum (e.g., "Sesame Street," "The Good Doctor"), impacting audiences' knowledge and attitudes. Thus, it is essential that character representations convey accurate health information. This study explores how autistic portrayals across six adult and…

Purpose: Parents of autistic individuals have been known to have a lower overall quality of life (QQL) than those of typically developing children. We present the first Hungarian large-sample study whose objective was to explore the differences in QOL between parents of autistic individuals (AS) and those of neurotypical (NT) persons. Methods:…

Objective: To examine the association between threatened miscarriage, and neurodevelopmental disorders, including autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in offspring by age 14 years. Methods: We used data from the Millennium Cohort Study, a nationally representative longitudinal study of children born in…

While deaf children learning American Sign Language (ASL) from deaf caregivers generally develop along typical trajectories, some have been skeptical that deaf children who have hearing caregivers--the majority of deaf children--can similarly benefit from ASL exposure. This study tracked ASL fluency and academic achievement among a large sample of…

Children with neurodevelopmental disorders are at risk for burn injury, but the clinical outcomes, particularly mortality, are unknown in this patient population in the United States (U.S.). The main objectives of this study are to evaluate (1) subject characteristics; (2) burn injury type; (3) clinical care provided; and (4) mortality in children…

In the United States, approximately two-thirds of children will be exposed to a traumatic event by the age of 16. Experiencing trauma can impact domains of positive development that may affect functioning at school. These challenges can alter learning and lead students to require a comprehensive psychoeducational assessment to determine if…

Grit denotes an individual's passion and perseverance to accomplish a long-term goal despite obstacles and challenges. It has been consistently supported by its beneficial effect in promoting students' educational, developmental, and psychological outcomes. Yet less is known about how to shape and foster grit from parents' perspectives and the…