The controversy over the causes of intelligence--genetic or environmental--is reviewed. More specifically, the subject of the consistently lower intelligence scores for blacks is analyzed. Much attention is devoted to Jensen and his monograph published in the "Harvard Educational Review," entitled "How much can we boost IQ and scholastic…

Compensatory education for disadvantaged preschool children includes, as one of its central components, a planned intervention program which is to provide the deprived child with linguistic skills comparable to those acquired naturally by children with a middle-class background. The hypothesis guiding the design and implementation of this study…

This study explores the occupational aspirations and expectations of some 531 black and white high school youth of both sexes from predominantly lower and lower middle socioeconomic status families in four New York State communities; Megalopolis (New York City), Middletown (Elmira), Exurbia (Patchogue), and Capitol City (Albany). Data were…

This study sought to determine (1) what attitudes black children have at the primary level, fifth grade, and eighth grade regarding dialects sometimes different from their own, and (2) what cues children use in identifying the race or ethnic background of taped speakers. An audio tape was made of thirteen speakers retelling Aesop's Fables. The…

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the causes of the apparent failure of black parents to pass their status advantages along to their children. The black-white differences in status transmission found by Duncan are discussed, explaining his findings by means of the Wisconsin model of status attainment. To explain the lesser dependence of the…

Based on findings that report differences between cries of normal and clinically abnormal infants, this study examined the relationship between birthweight and behavioral and acoustic features of neonatal cry because of the long-standing association between birthweight, perinatal trauma, and subsequent development. Subjects were 88 neonates…

Examines simultaneous equation models, using a large national sample of women in their mid twenties: it is found that the number of children a woman plans to bear has only a small effect on intentions to participate in the labor force, although a woman's plans to participate in the labor force has a substantial effect on the total number of…

The purpose of this essay is to call attention to: (1) the realization that many educational theories are, in essence, "socioeducational ideologies" functioning as apologetics of the status quo; and (2) the fact that failure to ventilate educational theorizing and research of these ideologies will make efforts to improve Black education futile.…

With the contention that prior theories have offered complex conceptions and indirect, qualitative measurement methods, and that social influence models have failed to integrate divergent findings, the authors attempt to integrate interest, cultural, and social contributions in a discussion of the dynamics underlying the achievement orientations…

The effects of performance-enhancing modifications of testing procedures of a Piagetian-type instrument were investigated for samples of elementary school-aged White, Black, and Mexican-American children. Results are discussed in terms of test validity. (JKS)

Findings indicate that (1) Black children have higher self-esteem than Whites; (2) girls of both races have lower self-esteem than boys; (3) Black children from broken homes have lower self-esteem in desegregated schools; and (4) Black children in segregated schools receive higher marks, but do not do as well on national tests as do their…

This research investigates the hypothesis that expressive aspects of sex-roles are learned in the early socialization of the child. Expressiveness of fondness, sadness, pleasure, and antipathy were operationalized by composite scales based upon responses to 16 Likert-type items, which were administered to 1190 high school students. (Author)

Trotman (EJ 168 902) indicated that Black and White families of similar socioeconomic status differ widely in intellectual home environment, and suggested the nonutility of socioeconomic status as a control in racial comparisons of IQ. The validity of Trotman's conclusions is questioned, both for methodology and results. (Author/BH)

Three aptitude factor scores for each of 2,985 college bound urban high school seniors were used to compare patterns and levels of performance by sex and ethnic group membership. Significant differences in levels of performance between Blacks, Hispanics, Caucasian Jewish, and Caucasian Gentile were found on factors labeled Verbal, Reasoning, and…

This research examines client-expressed hostility and the differential effect of hostility as it relates to racial composition of the counseling dyad. Results indicate that a white counselor, when counseling a hostile Black client, is significantly more anxious than when counseling hostile white clients. (Author)