Outlines elements of the mass society perspective, relative deprivation, and a differential socialization theory as explanations for individual activism. Integrates these into a structural equation model and applies the model to samples of White and Black adults, finding strong race-specific differences in the formation of political orientations.…

If learners' needs/readiness can be more closely determined, organizational guidelines and curriculum decisions for classroom and school environments can better be determined. Individual needs and readiness concepts such as self-concept, self-insight, self-understanding, and self-actualization can ultimately be used to increase the likelihood of…

In order to examine the factors that contribute to the relatively greater employment problems of females as opposed to males, examines longitudinal data on the labor market participation of young (17- to 20-year-old) women. (Author/GC)

A study of perceived discrimination by race and by sex for each of 21 occupations was compared with actual percentages of Blacks in each field. The study suggested that: (1) perception of opportunity corresponded to actual structure of opportunity; and (2) both a change in the social structure and individual belief systems is needed to further…

Investigated teenage daughters' quasi-adult companionate and confederate roles vis-a-vis their mothers in maritally nonintact as compared to maritally intact homes. Used survey data from a study of 449 Black and White mothers and their daughters in Michigan. Few significant differences were found by marital history for either group. (Author)

An investigation of official 1976 suicide statistics among minority elderly revealed that suicide rates are highest among the old for Chinese, Japanese, and Filipino Americans. Among Blacks and Native Americans, however, suicide rates are extremely low for the aged. Suggests explanations for these findings. (Author)

Examined effects of role congruity between clients and therapists. Relatively maladjusted Black and White college students were exposed to role-preparation procedures before receiving therapy. Results suggested the feasibility and desirability of training clients for better participation in therapy. Suggests client-therapist racial differences may…

Test data from two diverse culture groups were analyzed to determine the agreement among four methods of detecting item bias (transformed difficulty, discrimination differences, chi-square, and item characteristic curve). The test battery contained 155 items from six subtests: vocabulary, reading comprehension, mathematics, letter groups,…

To test assumptions of male superiority and African weakness in handling spatial relationships, elementary students in Ghana and Scotland were administered mental rotation and shape assembly tasks. Ghanaian subjects had more difficulty with mental rotation, while girls in both cultures did less well on block construction. (Author/SUL)

Race and socioeconomic status predicted achievement of disadvantaged first graders on the Stanford Early School Achievement Test; equating these factors did not establish equality of achievement. Students with kindergarten experience performed similar to norms on the letters and sounds subtests, but lower on mathematics, aural comprehension, and…

Presents a study of the differences in perceptions of messages of eminent Black and White political leaders by Black and White college students. Results indicate that roles are differentiated across a large number of communication variables as a function of race. (JMF)

Reviews the growing student interest in agricultural education, particularly among minorities. Examines the characteristics, experiences, and aspirations of agriculture students based on a large scale survey of Southern land-grant universities. (EF)

Procedures mentioned in this article include: (1) developing a new test, (2) modifying test items or keyed responses on existing tests, and (3) developing new norms for existing tests. Examples are given for each procedure, and advantages and disadvantages are discussed. (Author)

Single parent families are misrepresented to the general public and to themselves. Issues change focus if one views single parenthood as a normal and permanent feature of our social landscape. (Author/EB)

A simplex process model of the cross-lagged correlation paradigm was applied to 16 tests administered to samples of Black and White males and females in grades 5, 7, 9, and 11. Relationships among the measures as well as the use of the model are discussed. (Author/JKS)