The goal of the present study was to extend earlier work on the estimation of person theta using maximum likelihood estimation in R by accounting for rapid guessing. This paper provides a modified R function that accommodates person thetas using the Rasch or 2PL models and implements corrections for the presence of rapid guessing or informed…

Although grades are often portrayed as detrimental to students' motivation and interest in learning, closer analysis of the evidence indicates that when used appropriately, grades can be a meaningful and effective form of feedback. Thomas R. Guskey clarifies how studies on grades are frequently misinterpreted, explains how grades offer important…

Contribution: Two general rules for calculating, in the time domain, step discontinuities of voltages and currents in electric circuits, combining physical principles and basic mathematical treatment. The two general rules, resulting from a formal method of analysis, provide a straightforward way to update the states of a circuit, immediately…

This study used reform theory to teach art appreciation to 35 (n=35) students enrolled in a visual communication program, a unit from the graphic design and multimedia program in the first year. In this study, a quantitative research design and methodologies were used. To analyze a group of students' achievements, the researcher employed…

This article responds to the question, 'how do doctoral students experience writing within space and time?' Whilst existing studies have understood academic writing to be a social and embodied practice, few have considered the material and temporal assemblages that facilitate everyday experiences of academic writing. Working from a new materialist…

Mid-career men and women professionals describe their pervasive sense of 'lateness' retraining in law. Against industry patterns of lawyers wishing to leave the profession, these individuals had chosen to assert or reassert a desire to become lawyers partway through existing careers. What cultural narratives mediate the process of making this…

Objective: Bedtime procrastination is a type of unhealthy sleep behavior, but whether it affects sleep quality remains unknown. The current study aimed to examine the relationship between bedtime procrastination and poor sleep quality among Chinese college students. Participants: A total of 1550 Chinese undergraduates participated and effectively…

Much of the current available literature on leisure characterizes it as an additional consumer good: a derivative of capitalist society, featured as a commodity and, for the most part, an industry. This paper argues that recovering the concept of leisure from the ancients, with a contemporary focus on culture and the practice of living artfully,…

Cultural routines, such as reading and writing direction (script direction), channel attention orientation. Depending on one's native language habit, attention is biased from left-to-right (LR) or from right-to-left (RL). Here, we further document this bias, as it interacts with the spatial directionality that grounds time concepts. We used a…

This evaluation brief identifies the average time between initial PBIS training at each tier and identifies criteria state-level leadership teams use to determine readiness for Tier 2 and 3 training. The sample includes 2,488 U.S. schools across five states trained between the 2005-06 and 2018-19 school years. Findings indicate that the average…

Distance learning has grown in popularity due to convenience and flexibility (Means, Toyama, Murphy, Baki, & Jones, 2010). Using a modified time management technique and the model of improvement framework, the purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of the time management technique on the completion and submission of online…

This critical qualitative study explores refugee women and higher education (HE), an understudied area, to establish a foundation within HE to trouble refugee women's educational exclusion. Despite 79.5 million refugees globally (UNHCR, 2020), mixed responses persist, particularly amid authoritarianism in the U.S. evidenced by decreased…

Intercollegiate Athletics Directors (ADs) are the primary managers of athletics programs on college campuses. At the Division I level of the NCAA, ADs manage multimillion dollar budgets and programs that relate to their institutions' profitability, visibility, student-interest, student-achievement, and donations, yet little is known about ADs'…

Foreign language teachers and administrative leaders in Louisiana K-12 schools are tasked with providing foreign language education in various settings and under very different teaching environments. The Taylor Opportunity Program for Students (TOPS) require college track high school students to fulfill 2 Carnegie Units. Achieving a fluent level…

This study quantitatively and qualitatively measured gender and age differences in cognitive, affective, and behavioral engagement while playing video games among the University of North Texas (UNT) undergraduate students. Also, it examined the relationship between time spent playing video games and the three engagement states. For the…