The Stephens-Delys Reinforcement Contingency Interview was administered to 78 subjects, 6.5 years to 7.5 years, who were enrolled in "traditional" or "open" educational programs. Scores are categorized by sex, race, economic level, and educational program, and treated by analysis of variance. (Author/PN)

Reveals significant correlations between all of the subtests of a standardized reading test and the behavior scores for girls, higher socioeconomic background students, and non-Black students; but not between the subtests and behavior scores for boys, lower socioeconomic background students, or Blacks. (FL)

The fourth follow-up survey of the National Longitudinal Study of the High School Class of 1972 shows that Whites who have attended community colleges demonstrate greater improvement than do Blacks. Control variables used in the analysis included three socioeconomic variables. (Author/GC)

Delineates the various dimensions of disengagement that have been suggested in the gerontological literature and tests hypotheses derived from three competing theoretical perspectives of aging: role, activity, and disengagement. None of the theoretical models successfully explained the relationships analyzed using a sample of rural elderly…

Three field experiments were conducted to evaluate Individual Learning Expectations (ILE), an alternative grading structure that awards points by comparing students' quiz scores with individual pretest "base scores." Findings of the studies are promising; however, results regarding the effectiveness of ILE in motivating students'…

Compared differences in the Bender-Gestalt mean error scores of 1,938 Black, Hispanic, and White children. Performed a two-way between groups' unweighted means ANOVA on the error scores for the seven age groups and for the three ethnic groups. Significant differences were found for both main effects. (Author)

Investigated the usefulness of Carey's Revised Infant Temperament Questionnaire in the Chinese culture and used the questionnaire to assess the temperamental characteristics of Chinese babies. While the general pattern of results resembled data from Carey's American sample, differences were found, which could be interpreted in terms of response…

Asian-American, White, and Black Children in grades 2-6 were tested for intelligence, achievement, and short-term memory. Factor analysis yielded two main factors: memory and general intelligence. The three groups differed distinctly at every grade level. Achievement correlated more with memory than with general intelligence. (Author/CP)

In an attempt to investigate factors surrounding educational performance among different ethnic and racial groups, several areas are examined: (1) segregation; (2) performance levels and intelligence quotient variables among various ethnic groups; (3) intergroup differences among segregated and nonsegregated groups; (4) socioeconomic variables;…

This study of 40 working- and middle-class preschoolers indicates that Black children less frequently use internal state words to express their thoughts, feelings, and desires in the classroom than they do at home, or than White children do both at home and in school. (Author/SJL)

Reviews learning patterns of Black children and problems they encounter within the educational system. Author confirms that these children are eager to learn but teachers and classroom environments are unable to meet their individual needs. (Author/JLF)

Factors contributing to the low average earnings of workers in the southern states include interregional differences in urbanization, and differences in the racial composition, training, and union status of the work force. (CT)

A sample of widows (N=1,169) showed a strong tendency to idealize the late husband and life with him often to the point of sanctification. Four interdependent variables proved of greatest influence on "sanctification scale" scores: age, education, income prior to the husband's fatal illness or accident, and race. (Author)

Models which describe assumptions concerning the distribution of intellectual capacity are: (1) the differential distribution model, encompassing theories that consider differences in intelligence genetic; (2) the normal distribution model; and (3) the evenly distributed model, focusing on the similarity of intellectual potentials within the human…