The objective of the study was to define psychological health from the individual perspectives of African-American women and men of different age groups, and to develop a global definition for all African-Americans. The findings suggest that characteristics of psychological health may be the same across race, although specific interpretations and…

Investigated relationship between academic achievement and locus of control among 643 elementary school students. Found no main effects for gender or race. Observed significant main effect for condition (at-risk versus not-at-risk), with at-risk students being more externally oriented. Found significant effect for grade, trend being for grade…

Articles in this special issue look at ethical issues in aging in geriatric care, improving care of the dying, the value of autonomy and respect, the role of religion in health-related decisions, protection of nursing facility residents, physician-assisted dying, conflict resolution in nursing homes, and dealing with patients' demands for…

Examined the perceptions of the seriousness of specific components of child neglect by 131 mothers from 3 cultural groups (Hispanic, white, and African American) and 123 child welfare workers who perform 2 different functions (investigators and caseworkers). Found that the mothers' judgements of all categories of neglect were more serious than…

Beckman's rating scale for antecedents of alcohol use was administered to 212 high school freshmen and juniors, including equal numbers of American Indians and Euroamericans. Compared to other adolescents, American Indian males felt that heredity and fate played a greater role and their environment played a lesser role in their use of alcohol. (KS)

Relationships between personality variables and entrance into and persistence in engineering and racial differences in personality profiles of engineering students were studied for 129 freshmen in engineering and 85 persisting engineering students. Results suggest that personality differences play a vital role in persistence but that racial…

A cross-cultural quantitative review of contemporary findings of gender differences in variability in verbal, mathematics, and spatial abilities finds that the well-established U.S. finding of considerably greater male variability in mathematical and spatial abilities is not invariant across countries and cultures. (SLD)

Data from the 1988 National Family Growth Cycle IV are used to identify individual, family, sociocultural, and social structure factors that influence pregnancy resolution decisions of first conception among African American and Hispanic American adolescents aged 15 to 21 years. The discriminating power of variables differs with race and…

Analysis of 1980 census data reveals the existence for black males of a pervasive disadvantage in employment that does not vary greatly by region or between central city and suburban or rural areas. In contrast, the employment of Hispanic males is often quite close to that of whites, after controlling for basic demographics. Includes statistical…

Examined the impact of married women's work on the well-being of husbands. Proposed that the social context and the meaning given to women's work influences husbands' well-being. Results indicate that the social context within which women's work is embedded is different for black husbands and white husbands. (RJM)

Reviews the important relationship between end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and hypertension for African Americans; and considers issues associated with ESRD and the subsequent need for kidney transplants, including organ availability. Individual and societal implications of these diseases are discussed. (SLD)

Examines the relationship of professional status to the suburbanization of the following groups in the North Central region: (1) Whites; (2) Asian Americans; (3) American Indians; (4) Hispanic Americans; (5) and Blacks. Finds that 75 percent of White professionals live in suburbs compared to 58 percent of Asians and 25 percent of Blacks. (FMW)

Describes a study that investigated sex-role stereotyping of occupational roles and the affective behaviors of music-video characters in a random sample of 182 MTV (Music Television) music videos in 1987. Race differences are also examined, and results are reported that suggest that the mass media perpetuates stereotypes. (30 references) (LRW)

Surveys measured components of family environment and adolescents' risk of developing anorexia nervosa or bulimia. Females displayed a greater risk than males for developing eating disorders. Lower cohesion, expressiveness, independence, and organization in the family implied a higher eating disorder risk, as did greater conflict and control. (RJM)

According to a study of 40,192 college students, the average weekly alcohol consumption among black students is only one-third that of white students, and black collegians report binge drinking at rates less than half those of white students. Hypotheses are advanced for these differences. (SLD)