Bernstein argues that current criticisms of Columbus are an ideologically motivated rewriting of the past and that the point of studying history is to understand development not validate particular ideologies. Zappia criticizes the artistic community for its attempts to discredit Columbus and to eulogize the civilizations he allegedly destroyed.…

Focuses on the experiences of African-American women; and considers the interaction of sex and race in the development of sense of self, sense of self in relation to others, and ontology through interviews with 12 African-American women. Similarities among women across race are suggested. (SLD)

This paper explores the relationship of personal and family factors to three types of achievement in a sample of 172 African-American and 105 Euro-American women. Results are presented based on questionnaires that assessed gender role attitudes, daydream achievement (Ach), daydream affiliation (Aff), n Ach and n Aff, and demographic profiles. (GLR)

Discusses the politics of higher education as it relates to the upward mobility of African Americans in U.S. society. It discusses higher education's role in reducing the endemic problems confronting blacks and how blacks can pursue their educational goals despite the politics in higher education. (GLR)

Examined influence of on-campus residence, as compared with off-campus residence, on academic performance, progress, and retention of first-year college students. Findings from 5,414 students revealed that progress and retention were significantly higher for on-campus students regardless of race, gender, or admission type. On-campus students…

Finds that African-American students (age 13): (1) perceived themselves as having had significantly less exposure to instruction than did European-American students; and (2) scored significantly lower in mathematics achievement than did European-American students. Notes that parental support significantly determined attitude toward mathematics for…

Studied the experiences of 12 women secondary school principals managing small schools in Trinidad and Tobago. Demonstrates the ways their personal and professional lives are intertwined and how race, class, and gendered positions impact their career choice, promotional opportunities, and management practice. (SLD)

Examined perceived antecedents of sex and preferred partner qualities in African-American and White late adolescents. Found that African Americans mentioned "nice body" as criterion for partner attractiveness; Whites did not. Males identified sexual arousal as a reason for sex; females did not. African-American males associated sexual…

Favored explanations for the achievement gap between black and white students reflect experts' positions on the ideological spectrum, while overlooking fundamental problems with the educational delivery system. The situation of black students is not hopeless, thanks to new research that abandons whites' academic performance as the norm and…

Reviews relationship of IQ scores to race and gender. Explores the logic that supports the use of intelligence testing to discriminate and to exclude. Argues that default assumptions allow researchers to remain unaware of the subtle adverse impact of their research. Includes recommendations to encourage a broader understanding of intelligence.…

A study used data from the National Education Longitudinal Study to identify predictors of placement for eighth-grade ethnic-minority students (n=3,439) in learning-disability (LD) programs. Results found that although some factors predicted placement in LD programs for all ethnic groups, placement predictors also varied by student ethnicity.…

Examines recent research on the variability of educational performance in the United Kingdom, discussing differences in educational attainment. Some of the social processes behind the statistics are explored, and the possibilities for improvement at the school level are considered in the context of national educational reforms that prioritize…

Examines the relationship between eating disorders and history of physical abuse, incest, and extrafamilial sexual abuse. Results of a survey of adolescents (n=6,224) indicate that eating disorders are correlated with all 3 types of abuse. Presence of an eating disorder also correlates with presence of other addictive behaviors, family history of…

Examined differences in intelligence test scores of black and white five-year-olds born premature with low birth weight. Found that black children's IQ scores were 1 SD lower than those of white children. Adjustments for ethnic differences in poverty reduced the differential by half; adjustments for differences in home environment reduced it by…

A survey of third graders' (n=677) health knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors indicated that white children had significantly higher knowledge than black children, though attitudes were similar. Females had more positive attitudes than males, but knowledge was similar. There was a significant interaction of sex and race on the health behavior…