Examined smoking patterns in 27,335 junior and senior high school students. Found smoking was more prevalent among girls than boys, and among whites more than members of minority groups. Marijuana use was the best single predictor of whether a student smoked or not. Heavy drinking was the best predictor of quantity smoked among smokers. (Author/KS)

Historical and contemporary special education in Japan and the United States are compared. Differences in societal acceptance of the handicapped, integration into regular education, educational finance, parental roles, governmental control, and staff training are highlighted. The authors' personal experiences demonstrating the influence of culture…

In the first of three articles, Bearman discusses trends, policy issues, and implications of policy developments for the library and information community. Jacob and Rings discuss copyright law, regulations, culture, language, recent technological developments, economic aspects, and privacy legislation. Burger provides background on evaluating…

A "gallant Jewish liberal" teacher describes the complexity of cultures in classroom conflict. A native Spanish-speaking girl in remedial English challenged his assumptions about the importance of written texts and acceptable teacher-student interactions. (CJH)

To understand aging cross-culturally, used photography to perceive the perceiver. Asked persons averaging seventy-three years old from Japan and the United States to describe "Who are you?" by taking six photographs. Content analysis showed older Japanese to be inward and aesthetically oriented, while older Americans were more oriented…

Due to desegregation of formerly White schools, traditionally Black colleges must compete for enrollments with better financed institutions. The caste structure of American society prevents integrated schools from meeting Black students' psychic needs; therefore, active, honest recruitment can attract students by informing them of the advantages…

Discusses reasons behind the large influx of Jamaicans into New York City, and discusses their attitudes, experiences, and plans. Predicts that despite the hardships Jamaicans encounter in New York (cold weather, prejudice, and crime), economic opportunities available will cause most of them to stay rather than return to their native land. (GC)

Focuses on whether developmental trends observed within groups are different between groups (cultures) in three- to six-year-old children in a battery of tests derived from a theoretical model relating to attention, learning, and memory processes. Subjects were selected from Cambridge, Massachusetts and from two lowland villages in Guatemala.…

This study explores intrapsychic structures underlying Marcia's ego identity statuses in terms of separation-individuation patterns. Marcia's Ego Identity Status Interview and Hansburg's Separation Anxiety Test were administered to 140 undergraduates in New Zealand. As predicted, high statuses showed less anxiety than secure attachment or…

Argues that since the successful teaching of reading does not depend on materials and schemes alone, a teacher who fails to acknowledge cultural factors that influence a pupil's ways of knowing will achieve only limited success. (EL)

Provides a detailed linguistic-stylistic analysis of a seven-year-old black child's "sharing time" narrative, a narrative clearly in the oral rather than the literate style. Discusses the danger of oral style children (often minorities) appearing incoherent to the teacher and being given less (and poorer quality) instructional time and…

Reviews traditional cultural values, learning styles, and problems in identifying ethnic groups in the United States. Recommends alternative techniques and strategies in assessing culturally diverse exceptional children. (Author/CI)

In Experiment 1; English-speaking preschool children were given sentence verification task to study development of concept of truth-functional negation. Expereiment 2 was a cross-linguistic replication with Korean-speaking preschool children. Despite same cross-linguistic differences in negation system, Korean-speaking children showed essentially…

New Zealand Pakeha (of European descent) and Samoan school children were asked to name both positive and negative reference to others on three dimensions (general worth, academic success, and popularity). Results confirmed that social and cultural status influence the ways in which children select social information. (KH)

In commenting on Dobbert et al's article (this issue), submits that the guiding principle of cultural anthropology, participant observation, is absent from their field guide. Argues that difficulty in studying cultural transmission cross-culturally is not only related to diversity in content but to deeper differences in metaphysical outlook. (RDN)