Compared problem-solving behaviors of four samples of couples, sorted by marital happiness/distress and culture (German and Australian). Results showed cultural differences in frequency and functional significance of negative verbal communication, along with cross-culturally consistent marital behaviors associated with marital distress. (Author/TE)

The nineteenth-century debate over use of the manual versus the oral approach to deaf education is discussed and related to the prevailing social and educational thought. Both approaches are seen as oppressive and antideaf. Current efforts to reconceptualize deafness have produced calls for bilingual-bicultural programs. (IAH)

Describes a beginning-level English-as-a-Second-Language curriculum that promotes cross-cultural understanding and improves communication skills through oral class presentations about the teacher's and students' cultures. Activities include preparatory library research on the speakers' topic, 10-minute presentations followed by class discussions…

This article describes cross-cultural counseling for students with disabilities and their families. Suggestions are given for developing less biased attitudes toward children from cultural groups outside the mainstream. (Author/PB)

Reconsiders S.M. Lipset's thesis on value differences between Canadians and Americans. Uses data from national surveys to test Lipset's argument. Analyses reveal no national differences or differences that are opposite to those hypothesized by Lipset. Speculates on contemporary reasons for new findings. Discusses inherent difficulties associated…

Analyzes responses of Brazilian and American students to measures of behavioral intention, perceived norms, and feelings regarding prosocial behaviors in both public and anonymous conditions. Concludes that Brazilians had internalized ingroup norms but that Americans had complied with norms because of social desirability pressures. (FMW)

Examines several problems posed for empirical and theoretical research by the achievement of hegemony by one culture or system of thought over others. Discusses minority underrepresentation and its impact on knowledge production in education and the social sciences. Questions the universal utility of some highly respected tenets of science. (JS)

Discusses the problems of providing sufficient health care for Southeast Asian refugees. Describes their unique languages and dialects, religious backgrounds, cultural behaviors, and health and illness beliefs so that health care professionals will be able to accommodate their needs and provide effective medical care for them. (JS)

Discusses how the acquisition of literacy, and particularly its acquisition through the whole language approach, may have unanticipated repercussions in the lives of the learners. Proposes four constructive ways of noticing, respecting, and using these repercussions of change in a whole language classroom. (MM)

Observes that rhythm and synchrony are facets of language learning and use that are often overlooked in English instruction. Describes several ways to explore the rhythmic aspects of speaking, reading, and writing. (MM)

Discussion of the use of appropriate educational media and technology in developing countries focuses on conditions in Zimbabwe. Poverty as a cultural factor is examined, transferring technology from one country to another is discussed, and the need for skilled and trained personnel is emphasized. (LRW)

Self-report data on the physiological/behavioral response associated with embarrassment were collected by questionnaire in Greece, Italy, Spain, the United Kingdom, and West Germany. Blushing/increased temperature and smiling/grinning were reported consistently, with considerable variation, across nations. Understatement and overstatement of…

The large number of languages coexisting on the planet is a reminder of nature's universal penchant for diversity. Foreign languages are foreign in different ways to different populations, but when these differences are recognized, cultural pluralism can be accommodated. (MSE)

Examines Viktor Lowenfeld's Viennese experiences and analyzes the relationship of those experiences to his views and practices as an art educator in the United States. Questions the appropriateness of ideas developed from Austrian social and educational experiences and from Viennese aesthetic notions in the context of art education for U.S.…

Studies perceptions of causal attributions pertinent to success and failure in two social class groups from Belgium, West Germany, India, South Korea, and England. Found high agreement among the two social classes as well as among four of the nations, but Indians rated all causes as more external, variable, and uncontrollable. (FMW)