Analysis of data on 1,121 older adolescents and young adults from a national longitudinal survey examined effects of community involvement, social satisfaction, social network size, race, gender, and age on use of alcohol, marijuana, and cocaine. Social support did influence use of alcohol and other drugs, but the direction of influence varied by…

Analysis of four national cross-sectional fertility surveys, 1955-84, documents the decreasing likelihood that single women pregnant with their first child will marry to legitimate the birth. Among recent cohorts, decision to marry was influenced by woman's expectations about the timing of marriage and parenthood, living arrangements, academic…

Compares rural and urban income levels of Whites, Blacks, and Hispanic workers by region for the years 1979 and 1987. Presents information on geographic concentrations of minorities. Suggests the economic status of rural minorities failed to improve because of the nonskilled or semiskilled job opportunities in areas where minority populations are…

A two-stage procedure for estimating item bias was examined with six indices of item bias and the Mantel-Haenszel statistic. Results suggest that the two-stage procedure is not very useful when the number of biased items is small and bias magnitude is weak. (SLD)

Analyzes the effects of the following factors on low birth weight of 103,072 Black and White infants in Chicago: (1) median family income; (2) maternal age; (3) education; and (4) marital status. Concludes that family income shows racial disparity and that traditional risk factors do not completely explain racial differences in neonatal outcome.…

Exposed black women (n=100) to black or white female counselor who used verbal statements reflective of cultural or universal content orientation. Counselor content orientation related significantly to depth of disclosure and willingness to self-refer, with participants revealing more intimately and reporting greater willingness to return to…

Inconsistencies in adolescents' self-reports of sexual behavior were studied for 758 rural adolescents (eighth-grade students in rural Maryland) who completed surveys over 3 years. Consistency rates fluctuate depending on the measure of sexual behavior, the racial/gender subgroup, age, and prior sexual experience, but the majority present…

The underclass model used to describe the situation of inner-city Blacks cannot legitimately be employed to understand the social and economic status of Hispanic Americans. A comprehensive theory of Hispanic poverty must consider diversity of Spanish-origin groups; race; residential segregation; immigration; and role of the Spanish language.…

Argues that the judgment that the academy is racist is frequently misunderstood by white academicians because the socially learned investment in individualism eclipses awareness of racial positionality. Suggestions are given on how white academicians could address white racism. (SLD)

Responds to an article by Christine E. Sleeter (1993) and another by W.B. Allen (1993). Refutes criticisms that the author actually promotes racism in his call for increased white discourse on white racism and denies the individuality of races other than whites. However, personal individuality does not cancel the effects of inequality of power,…

Describes how a literature and writing professor uses readings, writing assignments, and class discussions to help students broaden their understanding or orality and literacy and to respond critically to implicit cultural and racial biases. Notes that a process of self-empowerment occurs for both black and white students. (SR)

Analyzes the responses of 1,344 African-American and 580 white female adolescents, and 852 African-American and 520 white male adolescents to questions regarding their perceived ideal ages for marriage and first birth. Findings reveal differences between white and African-American adolescents' responses. Comparisons suggest that the adolescents'…

Argues that ways in which the experience of manhood has structured the course and meanings of American men's activities must be examined. Pioneering work of feminist scholars has made us aware of the centrality of gender in shaping social life. It is now necessary to extend these studies to men. (SLD)

A study examined 127 parents' understanding of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and differences by ethnicity, child gender, treatment status, and sociodemographic status. White parents were more likely than African-American parents to apply medical labels, expect a lifelong course, seek school interventions, and address academic…

A study using data from 14,614 full-time faculty examined total work hours, research productivity, and allocation of work time among teaching, research, and service. The study found variation in time expenditures and research output influenced by gender, race/ethnicity, and marital/parental status, but findings were also sensitive to definitions…