This review considers the traditional male sex role in terms of values, beliefs, expectations, orientation, stereotyping, socialization and resistance to social change. Male/female interaction within occupational and emotional spheres is discussed. Findings indicate that male resistance to female role change is great. It is concluded that men must…

The effects of a program designed to generate self-maintenance of resident living areas and increase self-initiated activities among older adults were investigated. Subjects (N=22) were rewarded with paper tokens which could be exchanged for personal items upon completion of cleaning and maintenance. They were observed as to the quantity and type…

Based on competencies identified as common to all occupations and designed to be integrated into existing vocational curriculums, this competency-based student curriculum provides eighty student competency sheets grouped into six areas: (1) basic math skills, (2) basic communication skills, (3) interpersonal skills, (4) economic…

Teacher reinforcement of indoor play equipment utilization was employed as a procedure to increase the peer social interaction of an asocial four-year-old female child. Touching peers, using peers' names, verbalizations, solitary or parallel manipulation, cooperative construction, and cooperative thematic play were dependent variables. Treatment…

This paper describes research which involved (1) the study of children's moral reasoning about their own spontaneous prosocial behavior and (2) an examination of the early development of such reasoning. Prosocial moral reasoning is defined as reasoning about conflicts in which the individual must choose between satisfying his or her own wants,…

Junior High School (JHS) teachers were interviewed to determine their criteria for competent and incompetent student behavior in school and their verbatim statements were adapted into questionnaire format. Two hundred and eleven male students were rated on competence in 15 classrooms by their teachers and a series of factor analytic procedures…

Microethnographic techniques are used to study and describe the salient aspects of the social competence acquired by children in a kindergarten or first-grade classroom. The role of the school and the teacher in the socialization process is examined through investigation of both verbal and nonverbal communication and interaction patterns. (LH)

This paper presents a study designed to determine if providing information to primiparous mothers about the behavioral characteristics of their infants would affect reciprocity in mother-infant interaction. Thirty married, Caucasian, middle class mothers of healthy, normally carried and delivered 48-hour-old first-born infants served as subjects.…

The challenge of structuring college curriculum to meet all of the educational needs of new students to higher education (those who would not be in college except for open admissions policies) is considered in this book. Research studies on teaching, learning, and student development form the basis for improvements in college programs outlined.…

This research examined the hypothesized interaction between sex and interpersonal relationship by comparing the actual self-disclosures made to best friends and strangers by male and female subjects. It was hypothesized that subjects would disclose more to best friends than to strangers, that females would disclose more than males to best friends,…

This book makes the proceedings of the 1976 Phi Delta Kappa Symposium on Humanism in Education available to a broad audience. It includes presentations, the ensuing discussion among the participants, and several reactions to the symposium. The focus of the book is on the approaches--curricular, psychological, sociological, and organizational--that…

Five articles deal with concerns of teachers in the field of secondary speech education. The first article reports the responses of 84 speech education graduates to a questionnaire concerning their success in finding teaching jobs and their recommendations for course work for current speech education majors. Other articles discuss ways of helping…

This experiment tested the hypotheses that interpersonal dependence would be an inverse function of the individual's chronic and situational levels of self-esteem, and that interpersonal attraction would be an inverse function of the individual's induced/situational level of self-esteem, but would be unaffected by her chronic level. Subjects were…

This task group report is one of a series prepared by eminent psychologists who have served as consultants in the U.S.O.E.-sponsored grant study to conduct a Critical Appraisal of the Personality-Emotions-Motivation Domain. In order to achieve the goal of identifying important problems and areas for new research and methodological issues related…

Two studies were conducted to explore the convergent and divergent validity of the Psychosocial Maturity (PSM) Inventory. The Individual Adequacy subscales were found to be highly related to measures of personal adjustment while the Social Adequacy and Interpersonal Adequacy subscales showed lower correlations with these measures. The results…