This study was concerned with academic performance in black and white children and the interactions of race with other variables on school achievement. Results indicated blacks scored lower than whites and fell farther behind as they progressed from grade to grade. (Author)

Item response theory bias detection procedures were applied to data from Black and White seniors on the High School and Beyond data files. Overall, the sums-of-squares statistics (weighted by the inverse of the variance errors) were the best indices for quantifying item characteristic curve differences between groups (Author/BW)

Examination of data from 1985 visits by 110 runaway and 655 non-runaway youth to an outpatient medical clinic reveals that runaway youth are at greater risk for a wide variety of medical problems and of health-compromising behaviors including suicide, depression, prostitution, and drug use. (Author/BJV)

Analysis of essays by Black students in an urban community college demonstrates that some errors in adult Black students' writing cannot be analyzed merely within the traditional hierarchy of rules for writing. Consideration of sociological factors is germane to an evaluation of students' writing ability. (BJV)

Examined the help-seeking behaviors of college students needing assistance with personal problems. Using attribution theory and the learned helplessness paradigm, found that race and sex differences but not causal attribution (seeing problems as caused by internal or external factors) were related to seeking out assistance. Discusses the recurrent…

Rural southern Georgia's economic growth in 1976-81 improved employment and income for Whites but had little effect on Blacks. The percentage of employed Blacks declined, their weeks of work per year dropped, and most remained in low-skill, low-wage occupations. Blacks had lower levels of experience, training, and schooling than Whites. (JHZ)

Blacks are more likely than whites to use the extreme response categories in Likert-type questionnaire items. This general tendency has important implications for Black-white comparisons along self-esteem dimensions. (Author)

Reports on a longitudinal study of cognitive and motor development among infants born to adolescent and adult mothers when race, parity, socioeconomic status and prenatal care were controlled and home environment evaluated. (HOD)

Surveyed elementary school teachers (N=162) to examine the relations between teacher perceptions of discipline, teacher education, teacher experience, student social class, student ethnicity, and student grade level. In general, more experienced and educated teachers preferred confronting students about misbehavior, while less educated teachers…

Examines academic performance, occupational aspirations and major fields among a national sample of Black students in predominantly White graduate and professional schools. Focuses on whether there are significant within-group differences (especially between genders) and on identifying important correlates of Black student occupational…

A survey of minority and White undergraduates at a public university that found greater alienation among minority students is evaluated. Factors that reduce alienation are identified and differences and similarities between White and minority perceptions of ethnic clustering and representation are ascertained. (Author/MLW)

This paper examines the potential influences of school reform policies on the high school dropout rate, and it summaries a diverse set of reports on American education that recommend increasing academic standards in schools as a means for improving secondary school performance. (Author/LMO)

Using cross classifiable pictures, this study assessed taxonomic and thematic clustering in free recall in 240 children, ages seven and ten. The effects of both free and constrained test conditions and developmental, ethnic, and socioeconomic differences, were examined. (BS)

To investigate significance and measurement of depressive symptoms in young adolescents, 624 students were asked to complete the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) during home interviews. The presence of persistent symptoms varied by both race and sex. Results support the feasibility of using a self-report symptom scale to…

A previous CIRCLE fact sheet showed that young people who attend or have attended college are generally more civically engaged than those who do not. In the present fact sheet, analysis was limited to college graduates from the graduating class of 2000, highlighting relationships between core civic engagement measures, on the one hand, and…