Teachers in low socioeconomic status minority schools face some special problems in establishing productive learning climates within their classrooms. The beginning of the school year can be crucial to teaching success in these schools. Case studies are presented of three different teachers teaching in a single low socioeconomic, minority junior…

A review of the concept of complex instructional treatments demonstrates that componential analysis is needed to properly identify the effective elements of an instructional system. Research should focus on both the system and the effectiveness of its parts. Research on teaching also requires that the complex interaction of the teacher's behavior…

The intent of this theoretical paper is to recast our ideas about teaching mathematics as a result of an extensive research review on teaching behaviors. The product of this review is an explanatory curricular model which takes into account the content being taught. The purpose of studying teaching from a curricular perspective and the constructs…

Data were collected in a teacher effectiveness study on the interaction of teachers and first grade students while the students participated in reading groups within intact classrooms. The teacher behavior variables were then related to students achievement using three units of analysis: class means, reading group means within classes, and student…

A critique of research attempting to determine student achievement by identifying the characteristics and resources of schools is offered. It is pointed out that frequently the academic achievement of students is related to the socioeconomic status of the general student population of the school. The suggestion is made that future research should…

This collection of materials is designed to assist elementary school teachers in understanding and exploring the experiential world of the elementary school student by describing what students are like and examining their perceptions of settings, events, and other school members. The following concepts are addressed: (1) cognitive abilities of…

The many ways in which children use language are examined in this paper, and classroom implications are outlined. The first part of the paper discusses such topics as young children's focus on meaning in language, teachers' tendency to examine language in terms of form rather than meaning, and the importance of the student/teacher interaction…

This bulletin reports relevant research in the basic skills areas of reading, language arts, and listening that has been organized and interpreted for the administrator, supervisor, and classroom teacher. The various sections provide information in the following areas: indicators related to learning in school settings, including school, class,…

This is part of a series of four modules intended to present guidelines for self-assessment of secondary science teachers. This module describes two main purposes for the assessment of interactions. The first is to determine the degree and characteristics of rapport between students and teachers. The second is to show the degree of correlation…

This report presents the results of a survey conducted with first-, third-, fifth-, and seventh-grade teachers in Delaware, New Jersey, and Pennsylvania. Four classroom process constructs (opportunity, motivators, structure, and instructional events) are used as organizers to present survey responses on classroom processes. In addition,…

This collection of 14 papers explores aspects of open education for middle level schools. The first paper challenges open educators to work for the reform of absurd and obsolete educational practices. The second discusses management of the open environment. The third investigates problems of linking learners and learning activities. Other papers…

The objective of this teaching guide is to provide a comprehensive system for individualizing reading instruction through planning, organization, management, and skillful teaching. The planning stage involves establishing goals, reality bases, work bases and flows, and review, evaluation, and revision. The organization of program content involves…

This study investigates the following hypothesis: If the teacher instructs the aide to reinforce good behavior in children, and reinforces the aide for carrying out her instructions, the children' s appropriate behavior will increase. Subjects were seven teacher-aide teams and seven pairs of retarded children (5-20 years of age). For each child,…

A study sought to determine (1) whether a television program designed to enhance personal, social, and emotional development can have positive effects on children's behavior and, (2) what elements in a child's environment produce the greatest positive effects. Two components of the environment were studied: (1) training of the adult care-givers to…

This paper proposes a plan for teaching young children in a systematic diagnostic manner. A sequence of steps is described which includes: (1) diagnosis, through the use of formal and informal tests and classroom observation; (2) choosing specific objectives that have relevance to the individual child and are measurable or observable; (3) planning…