A study funded by the National Institute of Justice finds that one in five inner-city students surveyed (one in three males) had been shot at, stabbed, or otherwise injured with a weapon at or in transit to or from school in the past few years. Dangers of the environment outside the school were more obviously related to the rate of adolescent…

This report describes the role of parents in providing financial support for their financially dependent undergraduate children. It presents information on the extent to which parents provide their children with gifts, loans, and in-kind contributions; the amounts they provide; how the amounts compare with the expected family contributions…

This study applied a schema-based, social information processing model to examine the development of social cognitive aspects of preschoolers' racial stereotyping and stereotype beliefs (i.e., preschoolers' race schemas). The study examined developmental and individual differences in preschoolers' race schematization (salience of the race…

An overriding concern in the teaching of literature from cultures other than the instructor's own is how to go about selecting appropriate literature. When selecting course texts, the question should be whether literary scholars write respectfully about the work. A sophomore-level Introduction to African-American Literature course has been…

Female identity is centered on interconnectedness, and it is often based on a secure attachment with the family. This study addressed the relationship between attachment and self-esteem in African American and White female college students. The Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (Armsden & Greenberg, 1987) was used to assess the cognitive or…

This publication summarizes proceedings of a working group session convened to discuss ways to encourage efforts of colleges and universities to increase the sense of community on their campuses. It is noted that the sense of community has been diluted over the years due to the great diversity of students, both racial and cultural, that now…

Achieving equity in the number of American Indian and Alaskan Native students who enter college and subsequently graduate is important to Natives and to the nation as a whole. Based on institutional data and demographic data, state equity scores for enrollment (ESEs) and state equity scores for graduation (ESGs) were computed for seven states with…

An analysis was done of recently released 1990 Census data on wage levels for full-time workers. The analysis found that the proportion of full-time, year-round workers who are paid low wages jumped between 1979 and 1990. In 1979, 12.1 percent of full-time, year-round workers were paid low wages, but 18 percent were paid low wages in 1990. Low…

This paper traces the evolution of immigration to the United States during the 20th century with an emphasis on the racial and ethnic composition of the immigration flow. The changing generational composition of the country's population is described from 1850 through 1990. A new population projection/estimation methodology is employed to measure…

Concerned about how well the United States Military Academy treats women and minorities, this report addresses differences in performance and experience between gender and between whites and minorities for the classes 1988 through 1992, perceptions of the fairness of the treatment that female and minority cadets receive, and actions the Academy…

This report describes disadvantaged urban eighth-grade students. All statistical data were drawn from the student, parent, and school files of the base year of the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88). The following findings are summarized: (1) rural schools contain the greatest proportion of disadvantaged eighth-graders, but…

Volume 5, the fifth of eight publications developed by the Intercultural Development Research Association as part of the "Texas School Dropout Survey Project," decribes a study, conducted exclusively in Texas, which replicated national studies on benefits and costs of dropout prevention. The benefits in the study are expressed in terms…

Volume 7, the seventh of eight publications developed by the Intercultural Development Research Association as part of the "Texas School Dropout Survey Project" focuses on study methods and procedures. It includes all surveys, protocols, and instructions and documentation of procedures used in the Texas Dropout Survey Project. Included…

In order to elicit personal stories of early life illustrating important themes and values that had shaped their lives, southern older adults (N=400) participated in a series of "in-gatherings" in groups of 20-30. Participants in each setting were relatively homogeneous socio-culturally but the locations were varied in race, class, and…

Results of a study of the equity of salaries of University of Alaska full-time, nonbargaining-unit employees are presented. The following questions were investigated: (1) whether salary differences exist between sexes and races, and (2) which individuals should be considered for salary equity committee review. After introducing salary equity…