This monograph contains the second section, operations at the variable level, of a report of studies done in Helsinki, Finland, describing school achievement in terms of ability, trait, situational, and background variables. The report (1) investigates the structure of school achievement, (2) describes school achievement in terms of selected…

The major aims of this conference on guided learning were: (1) to examine research and educational practice relevant to development of a theory of guided learning; (2) to develop a theory and stimulate educational practice and research. Transcripts of the presentations of five speakers and of the ensuing discussion to creative development, a…

This paper reports a validity study of a sociometric technique described by Barclay. The sample was 103 elementary school children. Sociometric scores were compared against the criterion of adjustment of Referral versus Non-referral to the school counseling service. Data were analyzed by a point biserial r, t tests, and a comparison of percentages…

The 135 distinct items from the Edward Personal Preference Schedule (EPPS) were arranged in a five choice Likert Format and presented to 315 subjects. Factor scales were constructed and correlated with other measures of personality and academic ability. Differences between males and females were tested for significance. The results suggest that…

Recently several attempts at assessing college environments has led to proposals for understanding the development of college students and to preliminary strategies for understanding the kinds of influences that different types of college environments have on such development. This study attempts to determine if relationships exist between student…

A compilation of selected research on students in higher education is presented along with a review of two studies on personality and demographic characteristics of junior college students. The personality study was designed to identify potential dropouts, and the demographic study was used to measure heterogeneity and homogeneity among junior…

The objective of this book is to examine the methods used in basic research on child development. Studies of replications and near-replications of commonly employed procedures of data collection and analysis are used. Evidence of consistency in research results is sought, thereby enabling the authors to assess the methodological adequacy of using…

Personality and attitude measures taken before training (of 70 primary grade student teachers and 71 teachers of grades 4-9) were compared, by multiple linear regression analyses, with instructor, self, and pupil evaluations of their teaching performance, at the end of training. Pupil evaluations were highly reliable; instructor and self-ratings,…

The "Minimood" is the synonym chosen from the adult mood adjective checklist (MACL) to measure moods of elementary children. Ratings were obtained on mood and Children's Manifest Anxiety Scales (CMAS) for a 50-subject pilot and a 206-subject developmental sample in grades 1, 3, and 5. Twelve mood factors were identified: Aggression,…

This book presents a study of cognitive-affective interdependence as shown in children's fantasy behavior. The systems of Piaget and Freud are the foundation of analysis. The study data consist of approximately one hundred verbatim recordings of the dramatic play of 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds (in groups or alone) collected by trained teachers in a…

The Involvement Inventory, an instrument that measures a respondent's active involvement in life in three arenas--people, things, and ideas--was examined to determine its concurrent validity and ability to differentiate among high school students who have varying involvement with drugs. The inventory related well to other scales which measure…

Students in four metropolitan high schools participated in a survey of marijuana use. It was found that the personality traits of these early adolescents were related to the "style" of their marijuana usage, i.e., to the social conditions under which they tended to use the drug. Further, a given personality trait's relationship to the style of…

This article investigates the concept of self-actualization introduced by Abraham Maslow (1954). A summary of Maslow's Needs Hierarchy, along with a description of the characteristics of the self-actualized person, is presented. An analysis of humanistic education reveals it has much to offer as a means of promoting the principles of…

This study was designed to determine whether personality need factors are related to college student satisfaction. Two-hundred twenty-six students in a small, church related college completed instruments designed to measure personality need factors and college student satisfaction. Canonical correlation analysis was used to analyze the student…

The experiment used a repeated measures design to test some hypotheses about the reaction of high school students to simulated jobs. Students explored six divergent jobs in random order and gave their reactions to each job by filling out a standard questionnaire. The results strongly support some revised formulations of Holland's theory of how…