One study on environmental events, personal style variables, and reaction states revealed significant correlation between life stress scores and state anxiety for males (N=32) and between voice stress scores and state anxiety for females (N=32). Second study (N=45) found trait anxiety best predictor of depression; negative life events best…

Study of the role of personality factors in health and disease suggests that motivational variables are related to and influence physiological systems. Affiliative trust and a greater sense of agency are associated with better health, while affiliative cynicism and a sense of helplessness are associated with more illness. (AF)

Examined whether Psychopathology Checklist contains stable and replicable factor structure by factor-analyzing data from male prisoners (N=1,119) in Canada, United States, and England. Found two-factor solution replicated in all samples. Factor 1 defined by personality traits: superficiality; habitual lying/manipulation; callousness; lack of…

Both experience and theory suggest that the best teachers do not necessarily make the most effective administrators. The basic motivations, personality traits, and human qualities that enticed these people into education and made them great teachers might not be the qualities needed for success in school administration. (MLH)

Studied 7,018 children between birth and 7 years and 81 children of 5-8 years to test the hypothesis that birth order is negatively related to motor activity level. Activity level declined linearly across birth position, so that early-borns were rated as more active than later-borns. (RJC)

A 76-item test of intellect-related personality traits was developed and administered to 46 gifted 13 year olds, 51 undergraduates, and 53 seventh and eighth graders. Three component-based traits were obtained: intellectual absorption, apathy, and pleasure. These traits were found to be related to intellectual performance. (TJH)

Related the four scales of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, a measure of personality, to learning preferences. The personality types of 491 first- and second-year language students were compared with a sample of 18,592 general college students. Statistically, more thinking and intuitive types were found in the language students. (Author/LMO)

One hundred thirty-five adolescents were administered the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI). On the CDI, male adolescents responded more severely on an item involving fighting with others when they could be identified. There were no significant differences among responses on CSEI items.…

Develops a model linking organizational growth and decline to competitive strategy, the strategy-making process, and the chief executive officer's personal characteristics. The model was empirically tested for private liberal arts colleges. Enrollment growth is associated with focused strategy, the CEO's innovative style, differentiation, and…

Reviews conceptual schemata and organizing principles that ego psychology has contributed to our understanding of emotional disturbance. Argues that ego psychology can be converted to testable, pragmatic, and usable precepts for psychotherapeutic practice. Finds theory particularly well suited to practice domain of clinical social work. (JBJ)

Reviews a series of studies documenting that key aspects of helpless reactions to failure are present in preschool and early elementary school children. Proposes a preliminary model in which a general conception of self and the notion of this self as an object of contingent worth are sufficient conditions for helplessness. (HTH)

Evaluated the enduring effectiveness of a skill-based training program to enhance maternal sensitivity toward infants between six and nine months of age. Found that more of the toddlers whose mothers participated in the intervention were securely attached than toddlers from the control group dyads. In the third year, evidence of sustained effects…

Examined the relationship between individual interactional style, individual problem-solving behavior, and family problem-solving effectiveness in 431 intact rural families with 2 children, 1 of whom was in seventh grade. Results indicated that a hostile interactional style directly predicted destructive problem-solving behavior, whereas a warm…

Nine adult males with mental retardation resulting from Fragile X syndrome were compared to males with mental retardation of other etiology. Fragile X males showed a distinct psychological profile with more autistic features, more schizoid features, and more schizotypal features. These males were also more shy, more socially withdrawn, less…

Advocates that counselors incorporate humor in their work with Native Americans. Discusses psychological theories of humor and explores Native American humor. Examines humor's implications for counseling and suggests specific strategies for the use of humor, such as storytelling, imagination, puppets, clowns, games, word games, and other devices.…