Steps toward a theory of leadership must blend needed change with appropriate strategies for implementation. Discussions of leadership must begin with the concept of empowerment, since all leaders are empowerers. The theory that drives empowerment is the theory of individual differences, here based on C. G. Jung's ideas of four main personality…

Previous research has shown that ethnic background impacts scores on measures of psychological functioning. False positives and false negatives may be obtained as a function of cultural differences. This paper examines the Acculturation Rating Scale for Mexican Americans (ARSMA), an instrument that might be used clinically to augment…

This retrospective study was done to identify academic and personality variables that predict student progression through an associate degree nursing program and achievement on the National Council Licensing Examination for Registered Nurses (NCLEX-RN). The study searched for evidence of a decline in academic ability in the students over the 7…

Performing Arts Psychology has recently emerged as a unique subspecialty comparable to that of Sports Psychology. Attention has been focused on problems common to all performers (e.g., performance anxiety); however, the various stresses within each art form often remain hidden from view. To assess the psychological aspects of different art forms,…

Previous research has shown that women and minority medical students experience stresses not observed in their white male peers. This study examined the combined effects of race and sex on the stress manifested in a diverse longitudinal sample of medical students from two medical schools. Students (N=259, an 82.7% response rate) in the first year…

A two-phased research study is reported that aimed to discover the effects of three instructional approaches (direct teaching, self-instruction, and personalized instruction) on English performance, and to relate student characteristics to their language learning ability. Analyses of variance and co-variance revealed that teaching approaches and…

Items of Altemeyer's 1986 version of the "Right-Wing Authoritarianism Scale" (RWA Scale) were analyzed as philosophical propositions in an effort to establish each item's suggestive connotation and denotation. The guiding principle of the analysis was the way in which the statements reflected authoritarianism's defining characteristics…

This comprehensive literature review examines the issues involved in practicing psychotherapy with African-American women, and explores the adaptive coping styles utilized by black women in a antagonistic environment. Attention is given to the exploration of traditional resources utilized by the black woman in coping with her environment, such as…

The purpose of this book is to provide information about the various psychological assessment procedures that are specifically relevant for practicing counselors and human development professionals. The book deals with the use of such tests in the counseling process and includes illustrative case studies. It emphasizes the selection,…

Information and observations about Korean history, religion, philosophy, and culture, and their influence on Korean Americans' intellectual and psychological characteristics are provided in this paper. The author contends that although many Korean Americans have been in the United States for several generations, all members of this group reflect…

Research on self-concept has usually focused on neutral or positive personality characteristics. To determine if negative beliefs about the self have schematic properities, 55 college students, assigned to one of four groups (shy schematics, shy aschematics, independent schematics, independent aschematics), based on a prescreening self-rating on…

Although attractive people are often assumed to have many socially desirable characteristics, observers also attribute certain negative traits to them (i.e., more snobbish, more materialistic, more likely to be unfaithful). To examine whether unattractive people would be seen as more machiavellian (having more negative traits) and whether…

Both external locus of control (i.e., a generalized expectancy that reinforcement is controlled by luck or fate instead of oneself) and internal locus of attribution (i.e., beliefs that success or failure result from an individual's actions rather than external causes) have been related to depression. To examine the relationship of attributions…

Adaptive skills are the perceptual, emotional, and behavioral tendencies that are learned at a young age. They can be a major block to competence by affecting one's functioning at the two higher skill levels of functional and work content skills. Because students and faculty relate to each other as members of a family, they can help each other…

Listening to an intimate self-diclosure does not always generate attraction for the revealer. One factor which may influence the relationship between disclosure and attraction is emotional empathy (i.e, an observer's reacting emotionally because he/she perceives that another is experiencing an emotion). To investigate whether emotional empathy on…