The purpose of this study was to identify the relationship between reading achievement and a set of social and individual variables through the use of a critical path analysis. Data, taken from Cycle II of the National Health Examination Survey, included statistics on a national sample of 7,119 children, ages six through eleven years. Four…

Black, white and Latin students in selected Milwaukee public schools were interviewed in the spring of 1974 and reinterviewed in the spring of 1975 to measure two dimensions of attitudes; that of integration versus separatism and that of approach versus avoidance. These two dimensions were arrived at through a factor analysis of racial attitude…

An analysis of the extent and severity of teenage unemployment showed that from 1949-80 the unemployment rate of white male teenagers remained about three times higher than that of adult males. Much of the difference in these rates was found to be attributed to teenagers voluntarily leaving jobs and the labor force. The relatively small group of…

This study was designed to formulate a predictive equation to identify community college biology students (N=420) who most probably would not succeed in science courses. A College Biology Student Survey (developed for the study), Nelson Denny Reading Test (Form-F), College Guidance Placement (CGP) Arithmetic Test, and An Inventory of Piaget's…

Despite its reputation for being a scientific and precise tool for measurement, psychological testing is a culturally biased procedure that results in discrimination against minority groups, particularly against minority students. Academic achievement and intelligence tests, the two types of tests most frequently used in public schools, assume…

This study reports on levels of achievement among rural black and white Southerners of relatively low socioeconomic status. The 262 persons who were the objects of the study were reared in Millfield, North Carolina. They were first studied by Baughman and Dahlstrom (1968) in the early 1960s when they were in the eighth grade. Ten years later, this…

Reported is an instrument, the Science Student Observation Instrument (SSOI), designed for use in activity-centered science classes in desegregated urban junior high schools. Use of the instrument will enable the observer to compare classroom behaviors of black and white students, to determine the extent of interracial interactions, and to…

A Self-Concept Scale for Adolescents based on Havighurst's Developmental Tasks for Youth was constructed to reflect adolescents' perceptions of their ability to achieve these tasks in relation to personal abilities, the abilities of others, and the criteria for successful task completion. A validity and reliability study showed the scale to be…

As part of a series of reports dealing with racial distribution in San Francisco schools, this memorandum presents the rationale for adopting patterns of educational reorganization as an accompaniment to efforts to improve racial balance. Reasons are presented for adopting feeder patterns as students progress from the elementary to secondary…

Guidelines for test item-writing have traditionally recommended making the correct answer of a multiple-choice item grammatically consistent with its stem. To investigate the effects of adhering to this practice, certain item formats were designed to determine whether the practice of providing relevant grammatical clues, in itself, created cue…

This study investigated the interrelationships among status, situational and process variables describing the child's home environment and the relationship of these variables to the child's concurrent cognitive-perceptual performance. Parent interview and child test data collected for 1212 predominantly low-income urban and rural study children (8…

Group comparisons for male, female, majority, and minority students were conducted for the Test of Standard Written English (TSWE). Data for two academic years and from 18 different institutions were analyzed by pooling data across institutions within each of the academic years. Analyses of data from the first academic year focused on…

Ninety children were administered the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT) with the standardized administration, as well as an elicited word response task of the PPVT Stimulus Plates. The subjects were inner city black (BIC), inner city white (WIC), and middle class white (WMC) children. The data were analyzed to determine consistency of item…

This is a progress report on research conducted (1) to consider the methodological issues of response set and multidimensionality, which might lead to a refinement of the Test Anxiety Scale for Children (TASC) and the Defensiveness Scale for Children and (2) to investigate social background and school achievement correlates of test anxiety and…

A collection of 52 original articles by outstanding authorities on American Indians is organized by culture areas to provide a general introduction to the study of the aboriginal populations of North America. An attempt has been made to include articles representative of the major theoretical points of view (historical, psychological,…