Self, peer, and teacher ratings of student coping skills were compared to determine whether there was consistency in judgment across raters or whether assessments were rater-specific. Ratees were 250 Anglo, Black, and Chicano sixth graders from tri-ethnic classes. All raters were rated on the Behavior Rating Scale (BRS) by self, peers, and…

Since their beginning, intelligence tests have favored the higher social classes. Despite federal mandates to the contrary, bias in assessment is likely to remain a problem. Claims of test bias can be categorized as popular (naive); clinical (intuitive); statistical (predictive); and psychometric (construct and content). A literature review has…

Subjective judgments are useful in linguistic studies to supplement information from objective language data, enlarge our knowledge of public conceptions of social speech communities (such as Negro speech), provide techniques for discussion of social markedness of standard and nonstandard varieties of English, and provide techniques for…

The specific objective was to study racial differences in the consistency dimension of desired status objects (aspirational frame of reference) and expected objects (anticipated frame of reference) of adolescent males from the rural South. Specific observations were made on (1) racial differences in consistency of aspirational frames of reference…

INFLUENCES WHICH HIGH SCHOOL SENIORS PERCEIVE AS AFFECTING THEIR OCCUPATIONAL AND EDUCATIONAL ASPIRATIONS WERE INVESTIGATED. GROUP-ADMINISTERED INTERVIEW SCHEDULES WERE COMPLETED BY 1,068 SENIORS IN 12 HIGH SCHOOLS BASICALLY ATTENDED BY WHITE STUDENTS AND 11 HIGH SCHOOLS PREDOMINANTLY ATTENDED BY NEGRO STUDENTS. DIFFERENCES IN PERCEPTIONS WERE…

The National Longitudinal Study (NLS) is a long-term program designed to determine what happens to young adults after they leave high school, as measured by their subsequent educational and vocational activities, plans, aspirations, and attitude at various points in time. The second followup survey, which is reported here, began in October 1974…

This essay treats inequality in access to schooling in demographic perspective. In constructing a brief history of educational inequality in the U.S., the 1962 and 1973 surveys of "Occupational Changes in a Generation" are drawn on heavily. It is found that among men born in the U.S. during the first half of this century, inequality of schooling…

This report provides the technical results of the 1971-72 national assessment of social studies. The results are summarized across assessment exercises for the sample. Exhibits include comparison of age for the learning area, of each of the National Assessment's reporting groups with the national level of performance, of the various groups within…

This study successively tests simple modeling, normative influence, and conditional positive modeling hypotheses about the working mother's effect on her daughter's work orientation. Four hypotheses are postulated and tested separately by race to examine possible racial differences. The most complex hypothesis is that if modeling is conditioned by…

The multiple-choice science exercises used by the National Assessment of Educational Progress include an "I Don't Know" (IDK) alternative to estimate more accurately knowledge of groups of respondents. Group percentages of IDK responses were examined and compared with correct responses to see if the IDK introduces bias. Variance common…

The primary assertion of this study was that equality of educational opportunity must reduce the poverty status of the poor and of minorities. This study argued that the most directly relevant school variable likely to reduce poverty is increased educational attainment because of its correlation to income which correlates to the quality of one's…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between 38 factors of integration and of student unrest in six desegregated high schools in south eastern United States. The basic problem of this study was to determine whether or not the quality of integration as measured on the 38 factors of integration on the Secondary Student…

Twenty primary grade teachers of inner-city, lower class, Afro-American students and 20 primary grade teachers of suburban middle class white students were interviewed using George A. Kelly's 'Rep Test' technique, in order to elicit the categories or constructs through which they customarily perceived their students. Two judges applied content…

National surveys conducted by the Institute for Social Research indicate that there has been a steady decline in the last decade in the proportion of white people who see themselves as living in an all white world. Along with the change in perceptions, the traditional white pattern of white attitudes toward blacks also exhibits change, with young…

Black, Puerto Rican, Chicano, native American and low income white children represent the vast educational underclass who are most likely to be affected by test misuse or abuse. More than 50 million American children take at least three standardized tests a year, it is estimated. Of these an estimated ten percent are subjected to and are damaged…