Reasons why African American and Hispanic American students tend to have lower scores than do White students on standardized mathematics and reading tests are examined, focusing on a study from Texas. Results of the Texas Examination of Current Administrators and Teachers (TECAT) for approximately 900 school districts show that where the…

Large numbers of children in America's rural areas are poor and face growing risks to their success in school. Increases in poverty and other demographic changes will challenge rural schools' ability to help their children meet high educational standards. Changes in poverty among rural children also will affect the amount of Chapter 1 funding that…

Because of concerns about the validity of tests used in education and employment, a consultation on June 16, 1989, focused on tests of ability, achievement, and other skills. Invited experts were asked to address a set of issues common to both education and employment testing, primarily related to test construction procedures and how to establish…

Most students planning to enter college do so immediately after graduating from high school, and most baccalaureate programs can be completed within 4 years. Taking longer may have a variety of causes and a number of implications, including costs for the individual and the institution. Approximately 31% of college graduates in 1990 completed their…

Some researchers have begun to investigate students' attitudes toward science and their scientific attitudes as possible effectors of students' scientific achievement. In this study both of the aforementioned factors are examined by administering the Test of Science Related Attitudes (TOSRA) to 35 sixth grade students, 21 seventh grade students,…

Changes in the face of school-age America have profound implications for educational policy. As of 1990, 1 of 6 children lived in poverty, and a growing number were from diverse racial and ethnic backgrounds. In addition, more than one in six of the nation's third graders changed schools frequently. This mobility is just one aspect of changing…

The inadequate number of credentialed school psychologists in schools across the United States has concerned educational professionals for several years. One way that this problem was addressed was to mail information/recruitment posters to undergraduate psychology majors. Organizers mailed posters initially to psychology departments found in a…

This paper explores the impact of single-parent families on adolescent females and their aspirations for the future. The study, taking data from the national longitudinal High School and Beyond (HSB) study, uses a stratified weighted national sample of 4,573 black and white high school senior females in the class of 1980. The sample includes girls…

Factors influencing the decision of high school students to enroll in cooperative education programs were investigated in a survey. The stratified random sample consisted of 275 high school students currently enrolled in cooperative education programs in five different types of communities throughout Michigan. The survey questionnaire included 8…

This report describes the extent of student suspension at the state and district levels in Massachusetts during 1988-89. Suspension removes a student from participation in school activities for up to 10 consecutive days. Suspensions are classified as either "out-of-school," during which students are prohibited from attending school, or…

This compilation of 10 reports reviews the socioeconomic status of African Americans in the United States in 1989. The following topics are discussed: (1) the National Urban League's "Parity 2000" initiative, designed to secure parity between blacks and whites by the end of the century; (2) economic status; (3) family problems; (4)…

The study analyzed data concerning students enrolled in special education classes in Alabama's 130 (67 county and 63 city) public school systems, including student counts by age, grade in school, school district, type of exceptionality, and personnel needs. Analysis indicated a considerable variation among school systems in the distribution of…

Researchers in South Carolina set up a study and a measurement instrument to determine the powerlessness/alienation phenomenon among rural limited-resource people. They established a control group and an experimental group of black and white residents of six small South Carolina communities. With the control group, they conducted a traditional…

The basic tenet of this paper is that the difference between black and white children on IQ measures is not due to genetics but describes the cultural distance between the two groups. The cultural distance approach is described as an amalgam of the environmental and social psychology points of view. It holds that any subculture operating according…

This study describes intergroup guessing differences in response to tests and to test-like tasks. It is a composite of seven component inquiries with three substudies in Phase 1 and four in Phase 2. These seven studies cover the Graduate Record Examination (GRE) item-type domain from a number of viewpoints relevant to implicit guessing behavior.…