Explores the relevance of gender to social work practice in the middle school by examining three domains of importance to young adolescents: academic achievement, puberty and sexuality, and mental health. Suggests that a systemic perspective on those difficulties that asks serious questions about puberty and gender is vitally important. (Contains…

Explored the interpersonal identity development during early adolescence. Findings revealed that 55% of the sample fell into one of the four discrete identity status categories, with 62% of this group classified as either diffused or foreclosed. Findings reflect the emergent and/or transitional nature of interpersonal identity development during…

Investigated relations between sex, social status, and temperament among preschool-age children. Found that rejected children had a higher activity level, higher distractibility, and lower persistence than popular children. Both rejected and neglected children were rated as displaying lower adaptability and more negative mood than popular…

This study evaluates the ability of the hopelessness theory of depression's etiological chain to account for this relation in a sample of 297 undergraduates. Results indicated that emotional, but not physical or sexual, maltreatment was uniquely related to average levels of suicidal ideation across a 2.5-year follow-up. (Author)

In view of Kohlberg's theory of moral development, two hypotheses were considered: individuals who consider use of illegal substances to be morally wrong will be less likely to use such substances; and, compared to those who are less mature, more mature moral reasoners display more consistency between expressed beliefs about morality of drug use…

Uses the Cross model of Black identity development as a framework for discussion of the developmental stages of American-Indian identity: pre-encounter, encounter, immersion/emersion, and internalization. Discusses identity conflicts encountered in various scenarios related to biracial or bicultural status, adoptions, mixed-race families, parent…

Compares the family-of-origin perceptions of doctoral psychotherapists in training with doctoral students in other social science fields. Results indicate differences in family-of-origin perceptions between the two groups on measures of family cohesion, adaptability, and family satisfaction. Implications for clinical training are discussed.…

Data from the Myers Briggs Type Indicator and classroom observations of 22 secondary industrial and health occupations teachers found the majority to be extraverted-sensing-thinking-judging types. Only 41% were effective teachers. The sensing-intuitive type was the best predictor of teaching effectiveness. (SK)

Examined associations between early childhood temperament and factors during mothers' pregnancy. Responses to maternal questionnaires of psychological distress during pregnancy and maternal observations of infants at 6 months and 5 years of age indicated a connection between first-trimester distress and negative emotionality in 5-year-old…

Examined adolescent and parent temperaments as predictors of the quality of parent-adolescent relations. Self reports of 88 seventh-graders and their parents revealed that parent and adolescent temperaments explain independent portions of variance in parent-adolescent relationships. Also, parent and adolescent temperaments interact in the…

Distinguishes between critical and creative thinking and discusses critical-thinking in relation to modern instructional programs and information literacy. Outlines goals in critical-thinking curriculum, critical thinking skills (student disposition, interpretation, analysis, evaluation, inference, presenting argument, and reflection), and…

Administered a Teaching Activity Preference (TAP) questionnaire to ascertain how well teaching preferences fit personality type as determined by the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI). Describes teaching preferences of a sample of preservice foreign language teachers. Findings and pedagogical implications for teachers are discussed. (Author/VWL)

Within the field of community services it is widely accepted that reflection is an important factor in personal and sociomoral development. The purpose of this research was to determine if a particular form of reflection-decision making with an emphasis on the ethical nature of community-has special value in achieving service-learning goals. (BF)

Evaluated internalized and externalized anger in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Results indicated that internalized anger led to depression and feelings of hopelessness and increased chances of suicide attempts. In contrast, externalized anger was related to alcohol-related problems. Thus, different modes of anger expression appear to be…

Presents results of an exploratory study of self concept and motivational patterns of academically resilient, non-resilient students, advantaged achievers, and advantaged low-achievers. Results, obtained from Assessment of Personal Agency Beliefs and High School Assessment of Academic Self-Concept, show significant results subscales of cognitive…