This report presents supplementary findings of a study on disparities in reading test scores between white and minority students in Cleveland, Ohio, public schools. Phase four results indicate that: (1) proportions of declining reading scores were greatest in those grades where reassignment due to the desegregation plan and building structures was…

Now that some of the historic barriers to economic success for U.S. women and minorities have begun to fall, women and blacks, in particular, are moving upward on the nation's socioeconomic ladder. Melissa Kearney reviews evidence that improved economic opportunities for these two groups make sex and race less important than they once were in…

Several program transcripts on educational testing from the National Public Radio series, Options in Education, are included in this pamphlet. In "The I.Q. Controversy," Ned Block discusses culturally biased standardized tests. Dr. Harold Hodgkinson, former Director of the National Institute of Education, and Noel Epstein, Education Editor of the…

For decades there have been attempts to develop tests that are fair to people from different backgrounds. The Fundamental Achievement Series (FAS) is a recent attempt to develop a test that is fair to those considered disadvantaged. In addition to the traditional kinds of items, the FAS incorporates relevant items, tapping verbal and numerical…

This fourth report of the Institute for the Study of Educational Policy examines the status of black Americans in higher education from 1970 to 1979, with special consideration to a discussion of a basis of parity which takes into account the rapid growth of the black population and to enrollment patterns in traditionally black institutions of…

This paper discusses a study undertaken to analyze pre-and posttest scores of junior high and high school students involved in an aging education unit. Objectives were to determine whether a unit on aging helped students relate to aging as part of the life cycle and to assess the success of different modes of instruction (i.e. independent study,…

A social structural theory of social class differences as reflected in the nature of parent's work, is used to explore class-differentiated family background influences on school and achievement related outcomes of adolescents. Father's high or low job complexity is thought to be related to parental values for either self-direction or conformity,…

A study was conducted to examine race and sex differences in occupational aspirations and the role of these differences in perpetuating under- or overrepresentation of women and blacks in different occupations. The underrepresentation of women, especially blacks, in all levels of entrepreneurial jobs was stressed since these jobs constitute a…

It is critical to differentiate between desegregation and integration since only the latter denotes interaction between equals. Integration should be the goal for our schools while desegregation is one possible vehicle which may move us in that direction. To achieve integration, the issues which must be addressed are community involvement and…

This paper describes the development and investigation of a new approach to determining the existence of bias in multiple-choice test scores. Previous work in this area has concentrated almost exclusively on bias attributable to specific test items or to differences in test score distributions across racial or ethnic groups. In contrast, the…

This study investigated whether young, poor, inner-city children are deficient in the mathematical skills and concepts necessary for later success in school arithmetic. Children of pre-kindergarten and kindergarten age, black or white, and lower class or middle class, were given a wide variety of mathematical tasks, including Piagetian measures,…

TO STUDY THE APPLICATION OF EQUAL EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES IN COMPANY SETTINGS AND TO ASSESS THE IMPACT OF THESE PRACTICES ON MINORITY GROUP EMPLOYMENT, 20 COMPANIES WITH VARYING EMPLOYMENT STRUCTURE, INDUSTRY, SIZE, NUMBER OF BRANCH UNITS, GEOGRAPHICAL SPREAD, AND PRODUCT OR SERVICE WERE STUDIED. ALL WERE TRYING TO PROMOTE EQUAL OPPORTUNITIES IN…

THE OBJECTIVE OF THIS SURVEY WAS TO IDENTIFY THE SPECIFIC CHARACTERISTICS TYPICAL OF VOCATIONAL AGRICULTURE TEACHERS IN THE STATE. THE 25-PERCENT SAMPLE RESULTED IN USABLE QUESTIONNAIRE RETURNS FROM 97 WHITE AND 29 NEGRO TEACHERS. INFORMATION WAS GATHERED ABOUT THE SCHOOL IN WHICH THE TEACHER WORKED, THE BACKGROUND AND PREPARATION OF THE TEACHER,…

Focusing on a broad population of Black and White rural Deep South youth of both sexes for the period 1966-1972, this monograph investigates the process through which careers and career-related preferences are developed during adolescence, how such preferences influence early adult behaviors, and what consequences these factors have upon the…

Issues related to ability testing and affirmative action are discussed, including the fair use of tests in academic and occupational selection, the effects of testing upon the tested individual, and implications of the issues for the major participants. Types and functions of ability tests, both aptitude and achievement, are described. Studies of…