Avoidance strategies involve the tactics and techniques people use when they don't wish to be influenced by others. To investigate the types of avoidance strategies men and women use to deal with an unwelcome persuasion attempt from an intimate partner, undergraduates wrote essays describing how they avoided such attempts. A 24-strategy coding…

Earlier research investigating the relationship between physical attractiveness and assertiveness found that physically attractive females were more assertive than other females. To investigate this relationship further and to broaden the scope of the study, 69 students were videotaped in groups of five to ten while responding to open-ended…

This paper reports an effort to classify parents of abused children according to existing and new typologies derived from parents' psychopathological personality profiles. Several previously reported typologies for abusive parents are reviewed and elaborated. In addition, reference is given to data and insights gained from an ongoing study of 50…

The author argues that unless Kohlberg's theory of moral development can be demonstrated empirically, based on scientific evidence, his ensuing plan for a program of moral education amounts to no more than a systematic program of indoctrination. Kohlberg identifies the moral stage of a person by eliciting from a subject the reasons referred to in…

The purposes of this study were to determine whether mathematically gifted boys and girls in secondary schools were significantly different in cognitive abilities and personality factors and to determine whether these cognitive abilities and personality factors were accurate predictors of mathematical achievement. Mathematically gifted boys (n=77)…

Although many people have studied social intelligence and theorized about it over the past 60 years, no one has been able to provide a clear picture of its nature. Traditional methods have overemphasized the social-cognitive outcomes of human functioning instead of social-behavioral outcomes. Two approaches used to study social intelligence can be…

Recent models of depression have shown differences in information processing to be important concomitants of depressed affect. To determine whether the cognitive distortion found in depressed individuals extends beyond self-evaluation and interpersonal evaluation into abstract decision making, 288 college students completed the Beck Depression…

Previous tests of Erikson's hypothesized relationship between identity and intimacy development with undergraduate students have provided inconsistent support. To examine the possibility that college students are not developmentally prepared for intimacy crisis resolution, samples of 87 alumni and 93 college students from the same university were…

The relationship among teaching methods, student personality traits, and learning outcomes was investigated in this study involving 125 7th and 8th grade students who were being taught to think critically about public controversy. While background material was presented to all students uniformly, students were assigned to two different types of…

The recent development of strong statistical techniques has made accurate predictions of recidivism possible. To investigate the utility of discriminant analysis methodology in making predictions of recidivism in juvenile offenders, the court records of 271 male and female juvenile offenders, aged 12-16, were reviewed. A cross validation group…

Presents evidence that there are relatively stable individual differences in the belief in a just world and that these differences may underlie the ways in which people react to victimized persons and groups, both outside and inside the experimental laboratory. (Author/AM)

Reports a study indicating that significant shifts toward self-actualization in teachers can be achieved and that a small group simulation experience which entails personal inquiry, planning, performance, analysis of teaching, and self-evaluation is quite useful in that respect. (JT)

Investigated Strong's prediction of the existence of three dimensions of perceived counselor behavior--expertness, attractiveness, and trustworthiness. Films of interviews given by Rogers, Ellis, and Perls were watched by 202 subjects, who rated each counselor on 36 bipolar scales. Results supported the existence of the hypothesized dimensions for…

Investigated the variables used by intake counselors at a university counseling center in estimating number of interviews a client will attend and to assess the accuracy of those estimates. Data from 448 cases indicated counselors relied most heavily on their judgment of the severity of personal problems to make an estimate. (Author)

This article discusses play as necessary for children if they are to develop satisfactorily from a social, moral, physical, or intellectual point of view. Children must be provided suitable opportunities for play, graded for age, adjusted to sex and other personal differences, and related to prevailing activities, popular interests, community…