Interviews with 74 older parents and with one each of their middle-aged children were conducted. Data were analyzed in terms of agreements and disagreements between parent and child and of perceived agreements and disagreements. Findings are discussed in terms of the developmental stake theory, a metaorientation, and asymmetry in the parent-child…

A study of student stress before and after a clinical clerkship examined the relationship of favorable or unfavorable stress, as perceived by the student, to locus of control and self-esteem. The major finding was an association of unfavorable stress with poor academic performance. Stress management training is recommended. (MSE)

Parents and supplementary caregivers from family day care homes and day care centers completed the Carey Infant Temperament Questionnaire for 64 infants and toddlers. Results indicated that caregivers from day care centers perceived the temperament of children in their care as significantly more difficult than caregivers of children in family day…

Effective peer relations and the enhancement of social interactions in young children play a central role in the discussion of social competence. Developmental issues relevant to the assessment of social competence including perspective taking, conceptions of friendship, interpersonal strategies and problem solving, moral judgments, and…

Research focusing on the construct validation of self-concept (SC) within an educational framework is reviewed. Studies are categorized as within-network research and between-network research and further classified by methodological procedures. Although relationships among self-concept facets and academic achievement have been found, an overall SC…

Tested the relationship between congruency and academic achievement in 157 Canadian vocational high school students who completed Holland's Self Directed Search. The resulting summary code was compared for congruency using Holland's Occupations Finder. Significant relationships were found between congruent and non-congruent frequencies and between…

Examined the role of difficult temperament or behavioral style and tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana use in the 133 subjects of the New York Longitudinal Study. Results indicated that the possession of difficult temperamental characteristics at age five and in early adulthood are associated with drug use in young adulthood. (JAC)

Subjects read a situation description and rated the likelihood of their taking the response designated as appropriate. Regression analyses revealed the contributions of sex and the traits of instrumentality and emotional expressiveness (as measures earlier by the Bem Sex Role Inventory) to self-reported instrumentality and emotional…

Two dimensions of cognitive impulsivity, accuracy and latency, were assessed in fourth graders by the Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFF) and were related to teachers' ratings of adjustment and peers' sociometric preferences. MFF accuracy entered into a greater number of significant relationships than did MFF latency. (Author)

Four interaction-perception perspectives of the fictitious target of a double-bind conflict were provided by four groups of subjects. The perspectives included perceptions of a daughter about herself and her father (the double-bind source), and her estimates of his perceptions of both himself and her. (Editor)

Society as a whole has entrapped women into believing that they are, by nature, submissive, dependent, and emotional. Highlighting her article with illustrative cases, the author shows how counselors must shed their own biases and help women act in their own behalf. (Author)

Inescapable shock given to weanling rats produced large deficits in adult escape behavior. Experience with escapable shock while a weanling immunizes the animal against the deficits produced by inescapable shock received as an adult. Implications of these findings for animal models of human depression are discussed. (Author/MS)

An original personality test is used to aid in screening and advising applicants to a freshman English tutorial program for foreign, minority and Anglo-American students. The test gives indications that it is strongly predictive of good and poor language-study behavior. (Author/RM)

The following research investigated gender and the leadership role and determined if there are differences in leadership styles, behaviors, traits, and characteristics between female leaders and male leaders. Literature suggests there are specific gender leadership differences between males and females in leadership styles, behaviors, traits, and…

In this report, the authors aim to review and advance knowledge of systematic ways of classifying thinking skills. They concentrate on taxonomies and theory-based frameworks, in the belief that studying and using them will promote better understanding of how people think and learn at the age of 16 or above. Their overarching interest is in how…