This paper argues that understanding women requires attention to four large classes of variables: biology, socialization, life chances, and personality. The implications of these variables are discussed. Emphasis is placed on intrasex variability, and on the need to study women as women, not in contrast to men. It is pointed out that female…

Reexamines existing research in persuasion by testing the predispositional and alignmental hypotheses. Evidence of past investigative failures is discussed and implications for future research are presented. (MH)

The primary purpose of this master's thesis is to describe some therapeutic uses of dramatic play with the mildly aggressive preschool child. The child for whom the suggested play interventions are considered appropriate is characterized by sociality and attachment to both peers and adults, and is not chronically aggressive. After the first…

Attribution of a disposition or trait to a person asserts information about the pattern of that person's behavior. Past research has suggested that a moral disposition implies only moral behavior, while an immoral disposition implies both moral and immoral behavior. The effect of these implicational schemata on attributions of morality was…

A self-presentational framework for understanding how people define a just exchange and why behaving justly is important to them is proposed. A case is posited for two self-presentational principles of justice -- that one is responsive to the perceived beliefs of significant others in determining what is just; and that one usually comes to believe…

This article discusses several theories of management for motivating employees and applies these theories to educational administration. Since all of the cited theories are concerned with motivating people through their personal needs, ideas may be applicable to education as well as industry. (Author/MLF)

ASPECTS OF ORGANIZATION THEORY ARE REVIEWED ANALYTICALLY TO DEVELOP THE IMPLICATIONS OF THREE MAJOR HYPOTHESES DEFINING THE RELATIONSHIP OF BUREAUS AND BUREAUCRATIC OFFICIALS TO THE DECISIONMAKING PROCESS IN A REALISTIC WORLD WHERE INFORMATION IS COSTLY AND UNCERTAINTY IS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR IN MAKING DECISIONS--(1) BUREAUCRATIC OFFICIALS SEEK TO…

PREVIOUS THEORIES OF THE AGING PROCESS HAVE DERIVED BEHAVIOR AS NECESSARY FUNCTIONS OF SOCIAL OR INDIVIDUAL VARIABLES. AN INTERMEDIATE THEORY, PERSONAL ORIENTATION, ALLOWS THE INDIVIDUAL THE POSSIBILITY OF CHOICE WITHIN HIS CAPACITIES AND SOCIAL SITUATION. THIS THEORY IS BASED ON A DISENGAGEMENT THEORY OF AGING THAT SUGGESTS THAT A PERSON…

A psycho-ecological model is used as the basis for a simulation of interactive behavior strategies. The basic unit is an event, and each event has been recorded on closed circuit television videotape. The three basic paradigms of behavioral science--association, structure, and process--are used to anchor the simulations. The empirical foundation…

One of 52 theoretical papers on school crime and its relation to poverty, this chapter, by exploring the relationships among poverty, the ways schools are organized, and student disruption, generates notions that will help in developing a theoretical perspective on school disruption in terms of the various control patterns of school organization.…

One of 52 theoretical papers on school crime and its relation to poverty, this chapter reviews the major cultural and structural statements on the relationship between poverty and delinquency. The value stretch perspective, stemming from research on family values and on aspirations is introduced in order to challenge and clarify the basic works of…

In this paper differing theories on behavioral psychology are examined as they relate to individual reactions to anxiety producing situations. The focus is on athletes and how personality traits and stress situations influence their behavior and performance. The basic question asked is "How do persons and situations interact in promoting or…

This paper addresses some considerations about self theory and the Twenty Statements Test (TST) as they might be used to study women. Two theories have developed within the general rubric of "symbolic interaction" as coined by Blumer. The first is the Iowa School, or Kuhn school, which states that the self is a directly researchable…

This module cluster enables (a) students to operationally define various classroom behaviors; (b) define and utilize behavioral principles; and (c) correctly employ measurement methods which facilitate information gathering, monitoring, and management of academic and/or "problem" classroom behaviors. It contains modules in the following ten areas:…

This paper examines the relationship between educational theorist Edward L. Thorndike's psychology and his social viewpoint. Many of the revisionists in educational history have oversimplified Thorndike's thought by not examining his views from this perspective. Thorndike's educational ideas and practices are reflections of certain fundamental…