For 4 months, 221 kindergarten children took part in a controlled experiment on the effects of teaching formal reading at the kindergarten level. Teachers involved in the study were judged comparable in efficiency and attitudes towards the children. The California Test of Mental Maturity Pre-primary Kindergarten 1 was administered to half of the…

The development of social maturity, language, and arithmetic abilities was studied over a 3-year period in 103 mentally retarded children from high IQ (51-75) and low IQ (26-50) groups in special schools and special classes. Among findings were that the high IQ groups of both special classes and special schools showed much improvement over the…

The contention that among black people there is a cognitive style which seems to require a more active intervention with the learning environment than what is needed by their white counterpart is advanced in this discussion of cognitive style among black Africans and black Americans. Cognitive styles of blacks in the infant, early school, and…

Thirteen elementary and four middle schools in a large, suburban district are compared by level of instructional expenditure and socioeconomic status of the community served by each school. Regression analysis is utilized to determine the effect of expenditure on student achievement over a three-year period. Variables significantly related to…

This study attempted to better define the nature of critical thinking and its component skills (with a focus on the interpretation, analysis, and evaluation of data) by investigating the relationship between critical thinking competency and an activity card method of instruction, individual or small group work patterns, achievement, and sex. The…

Tests of intelligence and structured measures of emotional status, aptitudes, and achievement alone do not suffice in predicting the vocational adjustment of the mentally retarded. Since the main concern is the evaluation of the many aspects of behavior which make the individual a unique and changing person, a format was developed which included a…

This paper, focusing on differences between Caucasians and Negroes in the United States, summarizes from a "scientific standpoint" the main facts and theoretical issues involved in the study of human racial differences and behaviors. Three principles are considered to govern the orientation of this document: (1) objective research and…

This study compares information about the attitudes of black children in a predominantly black urban community with that from a previous study on Mississippi and Michigan children in which no difference in race attitudes and no relationship between racial attitudes and self-concept were found. The report studies a sample of four- and five-year-old…

After reviewsing the literature relative to culture and cognition, an hypothetical model was developed to explain some aspects of concept learning and cognitive development. To test aspects of the model, 3 tests which had had prior use in cross-cultural studies and 5 original tests were administered individually to 34 Stoney Indian and 34…

The express focus of this book is primarily on black American language. However, it is asserted, a comprehensive interpretation of this language requires an understanding of its social and cultural context. This book reviews the various ways in which the black experience in the United States has been treated in social science. It points out a…

This report contains instructions for the use of GENERAL, a tutorial type teaching logic developed for the PLATO system. The logic of GENERAL is first introduced and diagrammed for the user. Then lesson planning for program authors is discussed in terms of format rules, branching pages, challenge pages, and information retrieval pages. Control…

The current study is concerned with identifying racial-ethnic differences in cognitive strategies or structures that are related to performance on verbal ability tests. The study had two goals: (1) to compare the semantic equivalency of intelligence test items between racial-ethnic groups, and (2) to examine the relationships of individual…

This study has 13 chapters. The first chapter introduces the study, with a background of reference to data from previous research on school desegregation studies. Chapter 2 discusses the events leading up to and ensuing from the desegregation decision of the Riverside California School District Board of Education. Chapter 3 gives an overall…

A large-scale test development project at the Language Teaching Research Center of the University of Gothenburg aims to develop tests in English as a foreign language for use in various areas of business and public administration. After testing, certificates stating current proficiency level in each of the four language skills (listening, reading,…

A prospective longitudinal investigation related 76 maternal and infant variables to performance on the Metropolitan Readiness Tests (MRT) at age six. The 1,245 study subjects have been followed since birth. Their distribution on measures of intelligence and socioeconomic status is essentially normal. Subjects with high MRT scores were found to…