The results indicated that subjects with internal control orientations described their mothers as more nurturant, having more predictable standards for their children's behavior and using more achievement pressure. External control orientation subjects described mothers as more protective and more inclined to use deprivation of privileges. Other…

Study results, although with a limited sample, indicate that parental influence is a significant factor in the socialization process of children. Younger children appear more anxious to please their parents than do older ones. Counselors may find this information useful in planning with younger groups. (Author/CJ)

Positive and negative sexual messages are communicated by parents to their children, verbally and nonverbally. The impact of parental messages upon the sexuality of youth appears relatively straightforward for males but quite complex for females. Educational approaches are suggested to be used to recycle early parental sexual messages. (Author/PN)

Examined the extent to which parents know about their daughter's pregnancies, the degree to which parents are felt to exert pressure or influence, and the bases of parents' power or influence on pregnancy resolution. Included adolescents who had made or were making the full range of pregnancy resolution decisions. (RC)

The influence of maternal stimulation on infant exploratory behavior was examined in both a cross-sectional/ correlational study and an experimental study, in order to overcome the limitations on making causal claims that attend most research into maternal influence on infant development. (Author/DB)

Chicano mothers were observed teaching their own five-year-old children. Field-independent mothers used inquiry and praise; field-dependent mothers used modeling. Trends suggest that the teaching strategies to which the child is exposed may influence which cognitive style the child develops. (Author/CP)

Reviews research on the father-infant relationship and emphasizes the role of the father as caregiver and playmate. Discusses adolescent fathers' roles in their infants' cognitive and socioemotional development. Outlines the nature of support systems that may help adolescent fathers to more adequately perform their parental role. (Author/GC)

Discusses political action by and on behalf of parents. Suggests ways that existing interest group theory can further our understanding of how parents' interest is or is not represented in educational policy making. (Author/GC)

Longitudinal investigation into teenagers' reference groups revealed a consistency as to which kind of issue prompts peer orientation and which question results in parent consultation. The most important finding indicates a shift from parent to peer orientation over the past 16 years. (Author/DB)

The confluence model for explaining the influence of birth order on intelligence was applied to a sample of 56 Black and 52 White students. The confluence model and parental occupation were deemed insufficient in accounting for racial differences in intelligence scores. (Author/JKS)

Sets of photographs of human figures were shown to 96 children (aged 7, 10 and 14) in order to examine the differences between imitation of and subsequent perceptions of agreement with parents and unfamiliar adults. (MP)

Similarities between drinking behaviors of college undergraduates and their parents indicate that family environment has an impact on the drinking behavior of offspring. (JD)

The article discusses fostering creativity in young children through encouragement and training, both at home and at school, and presents parents and teachers with 10 examples of activities designed to stimulate creative thinking in gifted and talented children. (DLS)