Several environmental constructs which influence identity are measured by the Erwin Identity Scale (EIS) and delineated. The EIS is an objectively scored instrument designed to measure the student development concept of identity based on the conceptualizations of Chickering and Erikson. Three sub-scales (confidence, sexual identity, and…

A general look at rural and/or small schools is the focus of this state of the art review. The historical perspective of the report begins in 1918, when the trend toward consolidation of one-room schools was first indicated and continues into and well beyond the depression. It is reported that the number of school districts decreased from 127,000…

The inservice program and materials described here are intended to increase understanding and, when necessary, to encourage a change in attitude on the part of teachers dealing with problems considered typical in desegregated and integrated schools. Realistic situations designed to give participants the opportunity to encounter and deal with…

Utilization of the instruments presented in this collection allows site administrators to assess their own performance and the operation of their schools. These instruments allow principals to assess such factors as school climate, student and citizen opinion of the school, the principal's and staff's philosophies and assumptions, school…

The literature on consultation generally concerns itself with philosophy, role definition and techniques, identifying what is done in consultation but falling short of explaining how to do it successfully. This model focuses on this "how to" process, guiding the practitioner through the various decision points which characterize the dynamic nature…

The most efficient and modern methods for cleaning and sanitizing school facilities are presented for the benefit of school custodians. Careful attention to the total school environment can be supportive of the general education program and at the same time make a sound contribution to the health and health education. Topics discussed include--(1)…

Three topics are discussed--(1) designing the environment of educational enterprises, (2) capabilities and promise of data processing in comprehending the educational environment, and (3) optimum learning environments - design mechanisms, principles, and application. Consultants for the first topic were Sydney H. Williams, who surveyed the state…

The document provides a summary of special 4-H summer camps for disadvantaged youth in Arkansas. The camping experience in which the participants overcome inadequacies in social skills, self-discipline, self-confidence, and self-assurance is described. Major emphasis is given to the development of socialization skills and to health- and…

Objective cost estimates for planning and operating systems should be made after an assessment of administrative factors (school environment) and instructional factors (learning objectives, type of presentation). Specification of appropriate sensory stimuli and the design of alternative systems also precede cost estimations for production,…

The Navajo Yearbook began as an annual report to relate progress in carrying out provisions of the Navajo-Hopi Long Range Rehabilitation Act (P.L. 474 - 81st Congress), but the scope has been expanded to include all programs conducted on the reservation. This volume, the eighth in the series, is designed to reflect changing problems, changing…

This conference paper argues that if schools are to meet the needs of a changing society, and if disadvantaged children are to learn effectively, the objectives and practices of the current educational system must be modified. To individualize the educational program, grade levels and the marking system must be abolished. Innovative curriculums…

One of 52 theoretical papers on school crime and its relation to poverty, this chapter proposes that many forms of youthful misbehavior (particularly vandalism in high schools) are rooted in the normal dynamics of culture among youth. Typologies are used for understanding the social organization of the peer group world and the issue of high school…

This chapter of "The Best of the Best of ERIC," Volume 2, contains 17 summaries of documents and journal articles on alternative schools, all of which are indexed in either "Resources in Education" or "Current Index to Journals in Education." The materials included deal with various aspects of this topic, such as reasons for success or failure of…

The four sections of this monograph review current research related to mathematics education from the points of view of studies concerning (1) the curriculum, (2) the child, (3) the learning environment, and (4) teaching methods. Topics addressed in part one include the sources of mathematics curricula, the curricular validity of "new…

This study, exploring why first grade children from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, fail in school, utilized computerized techniques of statistical analysis to measure the relationships of various school and family characteristics with student achievement. Four types of schools--urban state, rural state, municipal, and private--were used to test the…