In order to determine whether egocentrism can be conceptualized as a unitary construct, 100 children (51 four-year-olds, 37 five-year-olds, and 12 six-year-olds) were administered a visual/spatial perspective task, a cognitive/communicative task, and an affective task. All tasks were designed to measure different facets of egocentrism. The 50…

While affective scales designed to measure students' attitudes toward reading have become an important part of teachers' assessments of student performance, little research has been conducted to determine whether these scales provide accurate information, nor have researchers adequately compared reading attitudes according to student achievement…

Two studies are presented in this report. The first is titled "Empirical Studies of Multilevel Approaches to Test Development and Interpretation: Measuring Between-Group Differences in Instruction." Because of a belief that schooling does affect student achievement, researchers have questioned the empirical and measurement techniques…

The purpose of this study was to examine the stability of measures of student writing performance across types of discourse (genres) and across response modes (selected response: multiple choice; constructed response: single paragraph, and full length essay). The study addressed the following: (1) the relationship/stability of writing scores…

Previous research has suggested that Rotter's concept of locus of control is significantly related to a variety of attitudes and behaviors. To study the effects of sex, race, and social class differences, a projective measure of locus of control was developed to explore the relationship between control orientation and career aspirations for 432…

Fiedler's Contingency Model postulates that the effectiveness of leaders results from a relationship between leadership style and situational favorability. Leadership style is measured with Fiedler's Least Preferred Coworker Scale, which assesses whether the person rating the coworker is task-oriented or oriented towards interpersonal relations.…

This is an account of some of the issues raised during 5 years of design, development and operation of the English Language Testing Service (ELTS). The measures in question are made up of five sub-tests: two general tests of reading and listening comprehension, and three modular tests of language study skills in reading, writing, and speaking. The…

Presented is an investigation of the item and factor characteristics which make up Forms 8, 9, and 10 of the Armed Services Vocational Aptitude Battery (ASVAB). Data on the ASVAB forms were collected from mulitary enlistment applications at 20 Armed Forces Examining and Entrance Stations. Item and factor analyses were conducted on samples equated…

In order to test the validity of a measure of Australian students' views on the quality of life within their schools, a small-scale study was conducted in seven secondary schools, including both public and private institutions. The 52-item survey instrument was administered to 651 students in grades 9-12. Followup interviews of students were held…

The Children's Perception of Support Inventory (CPSI) which assesses the extent to which children perceive their families and peer networks as understanding, responsive, and supportive is described. This measure was constructed (1) to differentiate children on family and peer-support scales and to demonstrate the relationship between the…

This paper has shown the advantages of tailored testing over traditional methods, the need for latent trait theory in the application of tailored testing, and some of the results available to show the quality of estimates obtained by tailored testing procedures. Since the tailored testing procedures overcome many of the problems with traditional…

A study was conducted to compare five different techniques for determining the best means of assessing a reader's background knowledge and for discovering if it is possible to elicit different amounts of information from the same subject by simply varying techniques. Subjects were 32 third through sixth grade students, divided into groups of…

A study was conducted to answer the following questions: (1) What intellectual abilities are essential in a successful vocational training program? (2) To what degree can intellectual abilities be used to predict successful job placement? and (3) To what degree does rationale of job preference affect successful job placement? The assessment…

An important and widely noticed trend among health professions and occupations in the 1970s has been the increasingly widespread use of credentialing mechanisms. These mechanisms are intended to ensure that health services are provided adequately and with at least a minimum degree of competence. This report is intended to enhance and broaden…

In a review of instruments measuring gender-related constructs, a number of shortcomings were found in existing scales. A new scale to measure sex-role attitudes was developed and tested by first proposing the construct of sex-role egalitarianism and then initiating the process of construct validation by developing a reliable measure of the…