Collective bargaining is seen as a process of shared authority used in some institutions to manage conflict. Some ways in which parties to bargaining can significantly alter their relationships to promote constructive and creative outcomes of conflict are suggested. (MLW)

This report focuses on the activities of school advocacy groups in the area of school discipline. It concludes that the advocacy approach, while not always appropriate, is the most desirable for problems which neither conventional school programs nor relatively new conflict resolution mechanisms adequately address. (Author/RLV)

Describes a study which asked 1,000 American high school seniors to explain what they understood by the term "democracy." Findings showed large proportions of the students had some idea of what it meant, but they had difficulty in applying democratic principles to the solution of political conflict situations. (Author/CK)

Twelve randomly selected Newbery Award books were evaluated by 21 judges according to the stage and level of moral reasoning that the protagonists used to resolve their moral dilemmas. It was noted that male protagonists resolved all dilemmas at higher moral stages than female protagonists. (MKM)

Although cognitive developmentalists explain moral stage progression in part by experiences of disequilibrium (cognitive disorganization, confusion, an anxious search for order), relevant data collected from 75 college students indicate that there is no difference in reported disequilibrium between those in moral transition and those not in moral…

Examines the effects of an organization development intervention in seven elementary parochial schools. Four areas were studied: goal agreement, reported use of process skills, relationship between process skills and goal agreement, and diffusion of the effects of the intervention to new teachers. (Author/IRT)

Discusses the advising and counseling process in terms of its growing importance to training in organizations, its successes and failures, the state of the art, and finally how one can develop the skill. (CSS)

Transactional evaluation is discussed in the perspective of "The New Rhetoric: A Treatise on Argumentation" by Perelman and Olbrechts-Tyteca. It is described as a procedure for facilitating change by encouraging all persons who might be affected by a new program to participate in its evaluation. (CTM)

Examines the salient arguments posited by the pro-BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) and pro-RTE (Radio Telefis Eireann) sides during Ireland's second television channel debate and ultimate decision. (Author/GT)

Various social values make up the American character, including the "curse of individualism," which has influenced a cultural shift and confusion for business, government, and educational leaders. A need to redress overcentralization is manifesting itself in demands for greater citizen participation in decision making. (LBH)

Focuses on lawyer-nonlawyer patterns of response to incongruity and suggests that communicators be aware of the necessity for adopting different message strategies for lawyer and nonlawyer recipients. (MH)

Offers concrete strategies for teaching students about frustration, reducing classroom stress, and integrating frustration-tolerance techniques into the regular curriculum. Discusses how to teach self-control within the curriculum with tips on relaxation, support, and acknowledging accomplishments. Claims that such steps will reduce related…

Open meetings are regularly scheduled times when all class members and the teacher sit together in a closed circle to discuss important topics, such as name-calling. Such meetings are structured, moving from reviewing ground rules to posing a warmup question, encouraging numerous perspectives, personalizing the topic, and challenging students to…

Describes what happens when a staff member does not know how to help a student during a conflict, leading the staff member to inadvertently fuel the student's crisis. Discusses issues of blame, a double struggle crisis intervention, how to move beyond blaming, and strategies for diagnosing the double struggle crisis. (RJM)

Examines the different forms of language conflicts, which have been characterized on the basis of four features: language as symbol, as instrumentality, as resource, and as power. It is suggested that there is a need for the development of an explanatory model of language conflicts for viable language policies. (29 references) (Author/CK)