Discusses appropriate payscales for various foreign language services, including tutoring, interpreting, and translating. (EKN)

Compares the use of English compound tenses and Russian tense-aspect combinations in English and Russian scientific writing. Concludes that to convey the proper meaning, English translations of Russian technical texts should contain more uses of the conditional or subjunctive than appear in the original. (EKN)

Believes the techniques used by interpreter in taking notes is a process of computing a representation of the sentence representative of its entailments. Although these are not spelled out, they are available to the interpreter in the form of notes. (Author/BK)

Presents history of this twenty-one year old organization whose aims are to achieve even higher standards, to improve conditions and payment for translators, and to gain the respect merited for the translating profession. (BK)

Describes the concept and structure of the "terminology bank" and discusses problems and possibilities for the future of multilingual terminology banks. (AM)

Provides an overview of early work on the translation of sacred texts into various languages. Reviews the language use patterns and practices historically characteristic of different religious traditions, including Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, Judaism, and Quakerism. Describes linguistic effects of missionary activity in several…

Compares dubbing and subtitling as alternative language conversion methods for audiovisual media. European television experiences are reviewed and the two methods are contrasted economically, technically, aesthetically, and in terms of audience response. The development of dubbing and subtitling traditions in various countries is also explored and…

Proposes an approach to translation theory that includes performative factors and that views the translation process as a context-bound and communicative performance. (SR)

Discusses how an elderly Robert Fitzgerald (scholar, classicist, and translator of Homer into English) held a group of freshmen and sophomore students in a New England boarding school spellbound with his tales of growing up, choosing a career as a translator and scholar, and the problems of translating Homer. (RS)

Argues that in translating fiction it is necessary to take into account the interdependence of intratextual components. Considers this particularly important in the case of metaphors that function as a characterization tool. (NKA)

Discusses the performance of automatic direct machine translation systems available through the Internet and examines semantic processing errors that result in confusion when the intended meaning of sentences is not correctly translated. Suggests the need for Web-based translation systems that have an explicit cross-linguistic representation of…

Responds to two papers on translation and norms, noting conceptual problems that arise when using norms in translation studies. Focuses on several issues that were examined in the original two papers, including equivalence, explanation, values, effects, strategies, and translation theory. (SM)

Discusses a question that remains largely unanswered in papers by Toury and Hermans on translation and norms: how, where, and by whom are translation norms negotiated. Explains some of the advantages that ensue from taking the term negotiation seriously. (SM)

The author responds to comments made by several individuals on his essay about translation and norms, explaining that each respondent made him rethink one issue or another. He notes that the responses appear to be a promising step toward a dialog within translation studies (though not yet a real dialog). (SM)

The author comments on responses by several individuals to his essay on translation and norms, noting the interest in the notion of equivalence, discussing methodological issues, and responding directly to comments by each author. He concludes by suggesting that the discipline needs impulses from other areas of study as well as critical inspection…