A total of 540 college students were run in two verbal discrimination learning studies (the second, a replication of the first) with one of three verbal reward conditions. In both studies, equal numbers of male and female subjects were run in each reward condition by each male and female experimenter. (MS)

A 1970 national sample of white ever-married females is used to explore the process of the intergenerational transmission of marital instability. The research examines the possibility that mate-selection outcomes operate as intervening variables between parent and child generation marital instability. Partial support is found for this. (Author)

Focuses on definition of sensitivity, developmental changes in sensitivity, and clinical implications of attachment. Maintains that promptness, consistency, and appropriateness are the main components of sensitivity across parenting dimensions. Suggests that studying infant antecedents to attachment security is equally important to that of parent…

Maintains that it is important to distinguish theory testing from effect-size evaluation when considering the impact of mothering on attachment security. Contends that it is possible that the De Wolff and van IJzendoorn meta-analysis both over- and underestimates mothering effects, as would be the case if infants varied in their susceptibility to…

Examines correlates of marital hostility and husband withdrawal behavior patterns, and their impact on the functioning of mother-child, father-child, and mother-father relationships when children are 5 years old. Describes models linking mothering and fathering to later internalizing and externalizing behavior when children are age 8, identifying…

A theoretical model of parental socialization of children's coping behavior was tested with 310 fourth- and fifth-graders. Found that children's coping efforts were associated with family environment, the quality of the parent-child relationship, parents' own coping, and parent coping suggestions. Maternal data were more strongly associated with…

Compares adults raised in an original, two-parent family to those raised in other family structures. Results, based on 3,523 individuals, suggest that both men and women from original two-parent families earn more, on average, than those from other family structures. Family structure also rendered different effects by gender. (RJM)

This research attempts to establish the level of success of environmental education at the primary level in Thrace, Greece. Questionnaires were completed by students (n=620) from the upper 3 grades of primary schools. The findings illustrate the success of the project as well as the general characteristics of environmental education as they have…

Examined whether parents' sexuality can influence the sexual orientation of their children. Subjects were 27 lesbian mothers with 39 children, and 27 heterosexual single mothers and their 39 children. Found that although children from lesbian families were more likely to explore same-sex relationships, the large majority of children who grew up in…

Collected longitudinal data from rural, African American, single mother-headed families with young adolescents to examine longitudinal links between contextual risks, parenting, and youth outcome. Accumulated risks related to lower levels of the competence-promoting parenting practices that were linked directly with youth outcomes via youth…

Evaluates a social development model of psychosocial predictors of drug use in Anglo and Hispanic children and adolescents. Structural equation models reveal that patterns and predictors of drug use are distinct for each sub-group, by age and ethnicity. Later drug use was primarily associated with prior use, exposure to parental and peer models of…

Examined relative influence of parenting behaviors (support, behavioral control, and psychological control) and deviant peers on trajectories of externalizing and internalizing problems in early adolescence. Found that parents' firm behavioral control seemed to halt the upward trajectory in externalizing problems among adolescents with deviant…

Evaluated contributions of mothers' social coaching and responsive style to preschoolers' interpersonal competence with peers. Found that coaching and style were largely independent and were correlated with social competence; both predicted teacher ratings, and style predicted peer acceptance. Found no evidence for mediation effect of coaching,…

Looks at male promiscuity and the gender bias that holds females accountable for sexual activity. Examines communication patterns, family structure, and other factors. Argues that family therapists can alter family communication patterns, redefine boundaries, and promote healthy parental involvement to make an impact on the issue of male sexual…

Details the needs identified by parents, youth, and others concerning the role played by rural parents in the career development of young people. Presents findings from a series of focus group interviews. The identified needs reflect potential activities which parents, schools, and others might use to help rural youth. (RJM)