The paper reviews research on parental effects on the child, child effects on the parent, and reciprocal effects for the child's characteristics in general and for conduct disorder in particular. Evidence is cited which suggests validity of both the adult-to-child and child-to-adult effects model. Addressing the question of where the preponderant…

Past and ongoing research on cognition indicates that its effects on academic achievement are more direct than those of environmental, affective, or behavioral factors. The research has analyzed cognitive factors, the remediation of cognitive differences, and the transferability of remediation practices. Other cognition researchers have focused on…

In order to identify significant environmental factors that relate to the rhythm and pitch responses of 5-year-old children, a team of elementary music teachers individually tested approximately 100 preschool children upon kindergarten entrance. The rhythm responses measured pulse (or beat), rhythm pattern identification, and rhythm pattern…

A study was conducted to investigate the effects of parental occupation and student career aspiration on vocabulary development. Subjects, 104 seventh grade and 100 eleventh grade students, were shown 10 pictures and asked to write five words in response to each. The words produced were analyzed to determine phonemic, syllabic, and morphemic…

Three alternative models are presented to represent the decreased importance of the status of first job on current occupational status overtime; there is evidence that the effects of first job erode with time. Models not explicitly incorporating labor force experience may suffer a serious specification error. (Author/AJ)

Many U.S. policymakers support changing the "culture" of poor parents to encourage marriage, work, and religion as a means to end the intergenerational transmission of poverty. In this article Jens Ludwig and Susan Mayer review and evaluate research on how parental work, marriage, and religion affect children's socioeconomic status…

This study examined the relationship between parents' use of a person oriented disciplinary technique and their children's use of moral intentionality. Person oriented parents were characterized as those who emphasize their children's needs and intentions, in contrast to position oriented parents who expect children to adhere to socially accepted…

Prepared by the State of Idaho's Right to Read program, this handbook lists suggestions to help parents discover their child's uniqueness and be her or his first teacher. The suggestions involve the provision of experiences in the community and at home, such as helping children master motor tasks through running, tossing, and clapping; listening…

This research was based on the assumption that adults structure the interpersonal world of children by differentially defining the situation. A parent who consistently anticipates bad behavior may produce a child with a negative self-image. On the other hand, an adult who assumes that the child can do no wrong may produce a child with a positive…

Observed 45 fourth- and fifth-grade boys and their parents in structured interaction situations. Boys selected for the study were highly internal and external in locus of control and were observed to assess the parental influence on their locus of control. (LLK)

The impact of a seven-week counseling program for mothers on the perceptions and behavior of family members was investigated. The experimental families reflected a significant increase in the number of positive responses and a significant decrease in the number of negative responses used by the three family members. (Author)

Part of an unpublished master's thesis submitted to the University of Washington School of Social Work by the second author.

This teacher's handbook suggests that, as social, economic and political changes in the United States have altered family structure and parenting skills have become more complex and demanding, parent support programs and services must be made available. It is suggested that parenting should become a more cooperative process involving everyone in…

A study was conducted to identify factors which inhibit the ability of Vermont secondary school students to enroll or maintain enrollment in a vocational education program. At fifteen vocational centers and their feeder high schools, self-administered questionnaires were given to vocational program students and non-program students, as well as to…