Investigated the relationship between children's temperaments, in interaction with situational factors, and their helping behavior. Twenty-four preschool children were presented with four opportunities for helping a female adult. Mothers rated children's helpfulness at home. Multiple measures of sociablity were gathered from mothers and preschool…

Examined psychological separation from parents, parental conflict and dominance, and parental symptoms in relation to the problems of college students. Found interpersonal conflict in the family and intrapersonal distress among family members were related. Conflictual dependence of the student on parents and conflict between the parents were…

Combined data from Coleman's 1961 Adolescent Society survey and 15-year follow-up study of early status attainment of respondents. Found parents' effects on children's educational aspirations and attainments due to modeling and defining influences. Defining effects exceeded modeling effects in strength; proportion of parental influence due to…

Examined the role of family and friends in accounting for alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use among young adolescents. Lack of parental affection, concern, involvement, and modeling appeared to be central factors in the family's influence. Friends' delinquency and use of drugs largely determined the influence of friendship. (Author/ABB)

Examines the reliability and validity of the scores of diverse informants from the Child's Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (CRPBI). Also considers the utility of aggregating scores of parental behavior derived from multiple observers. CRPBI items were adapted to obtain mother's, father's, sibling's, and subject's ratings of parental behavior…

A study examined relationships between family environment, gender, and the educational and occupational aspirations of 516 South Australian adolescents in three socioeconomic classes. Parent attitudes and aspirations were measured when the students were 11 years old, and student perceptions of parental support were measured five years later.…

Compared respondents from national survey of Australian young adults who experienced parental divorce as children with respondents from two-parent families on attitudes toward marriage and family life. Compared to those from intact families, respondents from divorced families held more negative attitudes toward family of origin. Found few…

Found parent-youth sentiment and power varied markedly among four continuous groups of 443 drug-using/drug-abstaining youth between the ages of 9 and 17. Suggests that prosocial behaviors are enhanced when behavioral expectations are clearly specified and reinforced with praise, encouragement, and other positive rewards. (Author/NB)

A survey of Hispanic parents in high-minority, low-income areas of six southern states gathered information on parent feelings toward parent involvement in education, similarities and differences between parents and educators concerning aspects of parent involvement, and recommended action to involve parents in the Hispanic student's college…

If the teacher is the basic, most fundamental element of the educational system, then a consideration of the demographic profile of those who enter the profession is warranted. This article examines demographic trends among Turkish students who enter teacher education programs and discusses the influence this will have on education. (JL)

Mothers of learning-disabled (N=15) and normally achieving (N=16) elementary-school boys administered an academic task to their children, and mothers' expectations and attributions for their sons' performance were assessed. Mothers of learning disabled pupils held lower performance expectations, provided more negative nonverbal responses, and more…

In a family with an 18-year-old mentally retarded son who had trouble finding and keeping a job, counseling helped the father to set reasonable expectations for his son, the mother to reserve criticism until an appropriate time, and the son to be more responsible for his vocational training and job hunting. (CB)

The purpose of this investigation was to examine ideal and real career aspirations, parental support of career goals, and work values among a sample of young Black women. The responses of the 8th through 12th grade students demonstrated that working is viewed as a very salient part of their lives, and that their mothers act as key influences.…

Presents preliminary findings of a study of the various forms, functions, and values of literacy in Mexican and Mexican American homes. Discusses two crucial issues: the qualitative differences in the use of same literacy forms by different children and the children's role in dealing with literacy demands. (NQA)

Significant differences were found in the mathematics test scores and word knowledge scores of Swedish junior high school students from one-parent versus two-parent families. Similar lower achievement patterns for students from one-parent families emerged with high school seniors. Results are discussed in terms of family configuration theories.…