The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore how K-12 teacher perceptions about Positive Behavior Intervention and Supports (PBIS) influenced their use towards non-white students, students with disabilities, lower socioeconomic students, and limited English proficiency students. With the well documented suspension…

Pediatricians serve a vital role in identifying young children with developmental delays and disabilities and referring families for services to support their children's development and learning. However, past researchers indicated there is minimal research on training pediatricians on the Part C early intervention (EI) process that supports young…

Background: The Student Assistance Program (SAP) is mandated kindergarten to 12th grade in Pennsylvania schools to address barriers to student academic success. Following student referral, SAP teams use a systematic process to inform recommendations for school or community-based services. To evaluate program outcomes, a review of student SAP…

The COVID-19 pandemic has negative effects on children, adolescents, and adults. Despite these effects, information about the nature of mental health concerns and services provided to address these concerns by elementary school counselors is unknown. The purpose of this generic qualitative study was to examine mental health concerns elementary…

Research demonstrates children's attention, working memory, and behavior improve following a recess or activity break. Longer periods of inactivity are associated with higher levels of inattention; children who are less active have higher rates of disciplinary infractions. Thus, providing physical activity breaks may positively impact student…

The misuse of prescription medications has emerged as a national public health concern. Epidemiological studies suggest that college students are at an elevated risk to engage in nonmedical use of several medications, including stimulants and central nervous system depressants. Teachers can easily integrate material related to the nonmedical use…

Exercise referral schemes aim to increase physical activity amongst inactive individuals with or at risk of long-term health conditions. Yet many patients referred to these schemes (by health professionals) fail to take up the exercise opportunities on offer. Understanding factors influencing uptake to exercise referral schemes may help improve…

This study explored the various types of suicide prevention gatekeeper training programs implemented on college campuses through a meta-analytic review. One hundred eighty-four effect sizes were calculated from 53 studies to explore seven outcomes of interest: (1) Knowledge of Suicide, (2) Knowledge of Gatekeeper Skills (GK), (3) Appropriateness,…

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to explore what elementary teachers recommend and understand in identifying appropriate referral and classroom support placement procedures of English language learners with a suspected disability in the southeastern United States. Incorporating the conceptual frameworks of Bandura (1977) and…

The current study examined the relationship between teachers' cultural competence and Multitiered System of Supports (MTSS) referrals for students belonging to racial/ethnic minority groups. Teachers serving grades kindergarten through five in two schools in a large, urban school district in Connecticut participated in the study. MTSS referrals…

Multi-Tiered System of Supports (MTSS) is a framework structure implemented within public education designed to provide students with targeted enrichment or remediation needs interventions. The MTSS process and its implementation directly impact the academic success of students. Using interventions when students are academically or behaviorally…

Teachers affect a wide range of students' educational and social outcomes, but how they contribute to students' involvement in school discipline is less understood. We estimate the impact of teacher demographics and other observed qualifications on students' likelihood of receiving a disciplinary referral. Using data that track all disciplinary…

Increasing numbers of young children are now routinely screened for developmental delays during well-child visits in primary care settings which support early identification of developmental delays. Unfortunately, research indicates that there is often a gap between the number of children who receive an abnormal screen and the number who…

Background: Transgender adolescents are at increased risk for negative sexual health outcomes compared to their cisgender peers. Methods: Using data from 10,231 students from 7 high schools in a large, urban school district, our analysis compared sexual behaviors, referral to sexual health services by school staff, and use of sexual health…

Positive behaviors are essential for individual student success as well as an overall positive school climate. Students with problem behaviors are at risk for lower academic achievement and poor social skills. Schools with high incidents of problem behaviors are at risk for a negative school climate. School-wide positive behavior interventions and…