Violence is rooted in obedience to authority and in comparisons--foundations of our institutions of parenting and schooling. Obedience brings reward and punishment, comparison perpetuates a cycle of competition and conflict. Television violence is especially harmful because children easily understand visual images. The Reality Research approach to…

Provides an overview of Bloom's taxonomy of educational objectives. A case study is then presented that explains how the use of the taxonomy was instrumental in the development of graduate-level online instruction and how the taxonomy helped to maintain the congruence among the components of online instruction. (MES)

This article explains the combination of instructional practices called personalized contextual instruction (PCI) and illustrates its implementation by a general education teacher, a special education teacher, and a paraprofessional working together in a multiage primary inclusive classroom. The PCI approach incorporates individual learning…

The constructivist educational theory of instructional scaffolding, where a teacher provides support to students on an as-needed basis and decreases support as the student's competence grows, is evaluated. Scaffolding is seen as being only one part of effective instruction for students with learning or other disabilities. Limitations to the…

Proposes a theoretical framework for designing online-situated assessment tools for multimedia instructional systems. Uses a graphic method based on ecological psychology to monitor student performance through a learning activity. Explores the method's feasibility in case studies describing instructional systems teaching critical-thinking and…

Describes the influence of the Progressive Education movement, with its emphasis on experiential learning and community schools, on Bureau of Indian Affairs schools during the 1930s. Discusses the subsequent development of bilingual education programs for American Indian students and offers recommendations for improving the education of Navajo…

Provides background to the National Commission on Social Studies in the Schools and its report: "Charting a Course: Social Studies for the 21st Century." Stresses that the commission represents a broad coalition from the social studies and history communities desiring curricular clarification and improved practice. Surveys the…

Principles of discourse underlying Kohlberg's just community approach to moral education are outlined in the context of a German secondary school. (Author/BB)

This article presents an overview of research on the importance of modeling effective instruction in teacher education programs, argues for a philosophy of student-centered instruction, and presents strategies for incorporating a more student-centered orientation in the methods instruction of preservice secondary teachers. (IAH)

Characterizes changes in literacy's "standard picture" since World War II. Literacy no longer perceived as obtainable skill correlated with economic development, but as valuable for its own sake. Suggests implications of educational change for developed and underdeveloped countries. Emphasizes continuing importance of literacy campaigns.…

Two prominent recent education reform reports ("A Nation at Risk" and "Tomorrow's Teachers") are examined, using discourse analysis. This article concludes that the reports' language and discursive practices limit rather than expand possibilities for substantive curriculum reform. (IAH)

Examines the conditions that undermine the quality of postsecondary writing instruction. Recommends alternatives in the form of guidelines for the professional recognition and treatment of tenure-line faculty, part-time and temporary full-time faculty, and graduate student instructors. (RS)

New York's Dropout Prevention Initiative (DPI) is examined from the perspective of Dewey's educational philosophy. DPI employs an approach which "blames the victim" in contrast to the Deweyan approach which considers the social organization of schools as critical. Three components of DPI are critiqued: attendance incentives, career…

Compares standards of training for library technicians in Australia and Canada. The discussion covers the involvement of national associations and advisory committees in decisions involving program standards; the use of distance education; and similarities and differences in entry requirements, diplomas awarded, and curriculum content. (22…

Presents a view of democracy as a cultural form that goes beyond political participation and civic responsibility to include the notions of community, participative decision making, critical thinking, historical awareness, and equitable distribution of resources. (TE)