Defines structural equation modeling as comprehensive, flexible approach to research design and data analysis. Provides conceptual overview of clinical research hypotheses that invite evaluation as structural equation models. Particular attention is devoted to hypotheses that are not adequately evaluated using traditional statistical models.…

Examination of the relationship between environmentalists and scientists concludes that environmentalism has had little impact on science. Topics discussed include the degree to which scientific research has become more applied; efforts to integrate and coordinate research projects; the synthesis of scientific information for policy purposes; and…

Provides advice for graduate researchers on how to get a research project started, research committee relations, design of the research project, keeping motivated, managing time, maintaining momentum, and safeguarding mental health during the research process. It is noted that the advice would be particularly useful for the completion of doctoral…

R. T. Ogawa and B. Malen's article does not meet its own recommended standards for rigorous testing and presentation of its own conclusions. Use of the exploratory case study to analyze multivocal literatures is not supported, and the claim of grounded theory to analyze multivocal literatures may be stronger. (SLD)

The routine epsilon approximate test in repeated measures designs when the condition of circularity is unfulfilled uses an erroneous formula in the case of two or more groups. Because this may lead to underestimation of the deviation from circularity when the subject number is small, a correction is proposed. (Author/SLD)

Describes a research project which studied how spoken and written language interweave and overlap and the teacher's power to promote literacy through talk. Describes the entire process, including the original interest in the subject, the formulation of the research question, the collection of data, and writing and teaching strategies that resulted…

The possibility that the ability measure activation savings is related to practiced skill, not because of cognitive overlap, but because of the proximity of savings' measurement to measurement of practiced skill was assessed with 404 military trainees. Implications for individual difference research of test-proximity effects are discussed. (SLD)

This article describes the multielement design, often recommended in single-subject research, and discusses its advantages and disadvantages for research in early intervention with handicapped children. The article concludes that the multielement design has many advantages, though multiple treatment interference is an issue of concern. (JDD)

Discusses ethnographic studies in business and technical writing, noting that ethnography comprises four essential, overlapping contexts: the phenomenal context, the site's cultural context, the research community context, and the researcher's interior context. Claims ethnographic accounts should balance the input of each of these areas rather…

A model for describing dynamic processes is constructed by combining the Rasch model with the concept of structurally incomplete designs. This is accomplished by mapping each item on a collection of virtual items, one of which is assumed to be presented to the respondent depending on preceding responses or feedback. (SLD)

Notes that single-case designs rarely appear in the counseling supervision literature. Illustrates and provides a rationale for their use as supplement to rating scales and speculates on reasons for their infrequent use. Contends that single-case designs, particularly three case study preexperimental designs and multiple-baseline experimental…

Discusses the use of a research design that addresses diversity issues in higher education. Offers that this retrospective pretest approach will be useful to university campuses in their efforts to evaluate their diversity initiatives. (MKA)

Discusses motivations for research replications and makes recommendations for appropriate research strategies. Illustrates research strategies in a review of studies replicating a 1948 study by Soviet psychologist Z.M. Istomina on preschoolers' memory. Concludes that none of the studies closely replicated Istomina's methods, but some replicated…

Presents a general class of single-case statistical procedures derived from previously developed nonparametric randomization tests. Designs are illustrated that focus on the general and comparative effectiveness of alternative interventions, multiple units with differentiable characteristics, and multiple outcome measures. Provides operational…

Advocates using a reasoned argument to approach the research-conceptualization process, wherein the different aspects of any study logically relate to each other. Discusses common aspects of the four research components that are often ignored and thus result in discrepancies across the components. (Author/GCP)