In an age of increasing emphasis on accountabiltiy and evaluation of clinical practice, professionals are questioning and examining varying processes of self evaluation. This paper describes the clinical peer group model as an evaluative process which offers its members an opportunity to receive evaluative feedback and emotional support about…

This paper presents research on school-aged children's thinking about various issues pertaining to peer relations. The research presented concerns studies derived from Turiel's (1983) theory of domains of social reasoning. Studies covered focus on: (1) children's and adolescents' reasoning about friendships; (2) adolescents' thinking about peers'…

The influence of students' self-efficacy (perceived capabilities) on their motivation and skill acquisition is discussed, focusing on the role of classroom models. Social-cognitive learning theory suggests that observations of peers performing academic tasks may affect the learners' efficacy partly through the intervening influence of perceived…

The practice of hazing in college fraternities, sororities, high school clubs, professional societies, business, the military, and secret societies is investigated. Through the retelling of actual stories involving hazing, the book addresses the questions of why men and women haze and allow themselves to be hazed, how the problems of hazing can be…

In this study, 242 adolescents were asked to indicate the likelihood that they would seek support from their mother, father, closest sibling, and closest friend when confronted with each of 24 common concerns. Mean scores were generated in eight specific and three general categories for all four target individuals. Mean scores for target…

The 2-part student workbook for mainstreamed learning and mentally disabled high school students contains 12 units intended to provide supplementary instruction in the Contemporary Parenting Choices Curriculum in the home economics class. This unit, the third in the Relationships part of the workbook, focuses on understanding sexuality with…

Examined were the ways peer models affect children's self-efficacy in a cognitive learning context and whether the effects of models vary depending on the sex of the subjects. Subjects were 72 fourth and fifth grade students low in subtraction skills. During pretests subjects indicated the extent to which they thought ability, effort, task…

The study of the spontaneous generation of a pidgin by two children, five and six years old, to accommodate their communication needs when neither had fully acquired his native language, is described. The children were an African native of a Swahili-speaking family and an American child living in the African village. The new language created was a…

According to a recent model of alcohol use (Hull, 1981), individuals moderate their sensitivity to the implications of success and failure by drinking following personal failure to reduce self-consciousness and not drinking following success to remain self-conscious. To test the hypothesis that adolescent alcohol consumption would be a joint…

This paper presents a flowsheet model describing the interpersonal process of adolescent identity formation in relation to peers and peer groups within a social-psychological context. The model describes a primary route, a secondary route, and a vicious circle as pathways toward identity formation in relation to peers and peer groups. In the…

Differential association-learning theory posits that association with delinquent peers causes delinquency; control theory suggests that the link between delinquent peers and delinquent behavior is spurious, or that delinquent behavior leads to delinquent associates. To examine these competing perspectives, 1,128 secondary school males completed…

This paper presents data on psychosocial stress and sources of social support in adolescence obtained from a longitudinal survey of a representative sample of 1,717 West German adolescents between the ages of 13 and 16. Structural changes in the life phase of adolescence are discussed and typical symptoms of psychosocial stress in adolescence are…

This paper describes the Young Adult and Adolescent Decision Making About Contraception program, an ongoing clinical research project designed to address the problem of unplanned adolescent pregnancy from a biopsychosocial perspective. The program is described as a peer-led intervention to promote the use of contraception by teenage girls at high…

This study is, as an inquiry into the effectiveness of discussion leadership taxonomy, designed to help online discussion leaders support and facilitate discussions conducted by undergraduates. Participants were approximately two hundred preservice undergraduate students taking an Introduction to Educational Technology course. Each week students…

One of the characteristics of ethnography is the use of concrete examples to shed light on the context of human experience. As part of a 2-year ethnographic project, students in a high school located between a deteriorating city and an affluent suburb were interviewed and observed to study the interaction between the school as a social system and…