Examines the probationary year in teacher education, noting that this period of intensive learning can reveal much about the processes of teacher professional development. Probationary teachers can potentially make substantial contributions to their own education, their schools, and the profession provided that there are effective induction…

The relative influence of best friends and social crowds of 324 older adolescents (eleventh graders) on cigarette smoking was examined to determine influences as a function of sex, conformity, and friendship mutuality. Best friends, rather than social crowd, appeared to be the major influence in this group. (SLD)

DARE's effectiveness in Charleston County (South Carolina) was studied by comparing 341 DARE to 367 non-DARE fifth-grade students. DARE teaches students to recognize and resist social pressures to use drugs. DARE has positive impacts on anti-substance abuse attitudes, assertiveness, positive peer association, association with drug-using peers, and…

As families and institutions change, many U.S. children could fail to realize their potential to lead fulfilling adult lives. Confronted by poverty, the crack cocaine epidemic, and increased exposure to violence, children make daily choices altering their life's course. Schools are increasingly expected to resolve social problems without…

This study of 1,478 adolescents who attended 10 private schools tested an integrative theoretical model of sexually active peer association. The model consisted of social control elements, family and peer linkage factors, peer bonding, coercive relationship variables, and acceptance seeking. Results suggest the relevance of social control elements…

A survey of 203 social and behavioral science students enrolled in a graduate-level research methodology course examined the relationship between learning style and library anxiety. Found that students with the highest levels of library anxiety tend to be those who like structure, are self-motivated, lack persistence, and are peer-oriented…

Research shows that adolescent girls face developmental issues and need camp programming providing involvement with trusted adults, community service opportunities, safe places, and avoidance of loneliness. In other research, race was more important than gender in leisure choices, with blacks having smaller, less influential, peer groups than…

A physics teacher with inner-city-high-school teaching experience contends that spillover violence, due in large part to gang activity in the neighborhood, affects the performance and career choices of inner-city young people and contributes to the paucity of minority students in science classes. This in turn contributes to their lack of…

A study found African-American students at a predominantly white university who participated in a freshman peer mentor program were likely to raise concerns with peers as they would not in programs promoting help-seeking. Participants reported promising rates of problem resolution following mentor interventions, had higher two-year retention rates…

Students in two desegregated urban high schools agreed on the definition of a good student but disagreed on the acceptability of the model for blacks. Six black high achievers, within these contrasting environments (middle-class versus working-class) show how they respond to the conflict of being black and a model student. (MMU)

Investigated factors associated with gang involvement among rural and urban adolescents using data from a sample of 1,183 Nevada students in grades 7 through 12. There was no significant difference in gang membership or pressure to join gangs between the rural and urban samples, but there were differences on other gang and violence indicators.…

Evaluates the extent to which social class conditions, peer group influence, parenting, and student behavior are key factors in causing black student underachievement in Great Britain, noting that these factors are typically overlooked by researchers. Discusses recommendations from the Macpherson report (which investigated the murder of a black…

Used an ecological model to examine different factors impacting school completion and dropping out for Mexican American students, highlighting: the microsystem (individual settings), which emphasizes daily interactions represented by the family, the classroom, and peer relationships; the mesosystem (setting interactions); the exosystem (community…

Investigated the effects of a peer network strategy on the duration of social interaction and social communication skills for three elementary students with autism. Results indicate increased social interaction time and use of an augmentative communication system for all three students, with increased expressive language for two students.…

A sub-group of at-risk learners consists of students who have demonstrated academic capability yet begin to fail in their senior years. Describes the achievement perspectives of three such students using qualitative interviews. Results reveal that academic, social, family, and peer factors influenced their decision making. Suggests ways to modify…