Related variables measured in 1975 to smoking status in 1978 using multivariate statistical procedures. Variables included sociodemographic characteristics, smoking environment, school performance, attitude toward smoking, and knowledge about smoking effects. Cross-sectional analysis of variables measured in 1978 revealed that six variables…

Examined the influence of ethnic status, parent values, and parent perceptions and aspirations regarding their children's chances for future occupational opportunity. Specific attention was paid to the influence which Black and Mexican American mothers' perceptions have on children's aspirations. A causal model is analyzed. (Author/DB)

Evaluated differences among neglectful, behavior-problem, and normal mothers in their reports of child behavior problems and observed verbal behavior with children in situations requiring differing degrees of maternal control. Relative to normal mothers, behavior-problem mothers were most negative and were as controlling as neglectful mothers…

The Moral Dilemmas Test was administered to 1,057 Swedish boys and girls in four different grades (4, 5, 6 and 7) to examine the effects of social pressure on children. (MP)

This article explores some of the major influences affecting the development of female sex-role identity and the psychological and social consequences of this deveopment during childhood and adolescence. (Author/EB)

Argues that although meta-analysis makes an important contribution to summarizing attachment studies, it limits the conceptual understanding to simple causal models and ignores family systems models that could illuminate the development of secure and insecure attachment. Maintains that fathers' role in attachment and the impact of the quality of…

Studied early family experiences of boys who later emerged as both aggressive and bullied during middle childhood. Found that aggressive victims had experienced more punitive, hostile, and abusive family treatment than others. Nonvictimized aggressors had greater exposure to adult aggression, but not victimization, than the normative group,…

Traced pathways between perceived coparenting support and child-rearing conflict, family interaction quality, and child self-regulation, academic competence, and behavior problems in families of 9- to 12-year-old African-Americans. Found that husbands' perception of coparental support was linked to family interaction quality; wives' perception of…

Used interviews and questionnaires to examine parents' role in supporting bilingual competence of Singapore preschoolers. Found that well-educated mothers used English in everyday interactions and provided story reading, television, and video viewing in English and Mandarin. Parents were aware of the need for appropriate physical and material…

Examined influences on African-American children's cognitive development between 6 months and 8 years. Found that more optimal patterns of development were associated with intensive early educational child care, responsive home stimulation, and higher maternal IQ. Child care experiences were related to cognitive performance through enhancing…

Explored children's conscience using narrative measures of responses to hypothetical moral dilemmas and objective measures. Found that children who experienced more power-assertive maternal discipline produced fewer themes of commitment to and concern about good behavior and were more poorly internalized on observed and mother-reported measures.…

This study examined the contribution of parent socialization and gender to urban elementary students' (N=107) interest in physical activity. Questionnaires indicated significant relationships between parental socialization processes and children's perceived physical competence and attraction to physical activity. (SM)

Compares gender role conflict in 145 female athletes and nonathletes; issues of masculinity, femininity, and self-concept; and influence due to parent's previous sports participation. Athletes, overall, had more positive self-concepts and had athletically inclined parents. Both participants' body image self-concept and parental sports…

Comparison of 27 school-aged impoverished children of mothers with mild mental retardation and 25 children of mothers without mental retardation found the children whose mothers had mental retardation had lower IQs, lower academic achievement, and more behavior problems. Boys were affected more severely than girls. Not one child with a mother who…

Observed the influence of gender on communication patterns and reciprocal alliances within the context of a controlled problem-solving task. Found that families with boys engaged in more active bargaining than families with girls. Sons made offers for alliances to mothers at almost twice the rate of daughters. (RJM)