This report reviews the research literature on the effects of divorce and one-parent childrearing on academic achievement and intellectual functioning in children. Life changes following the decision to separate are described along with scholastic achievement measured by IQ and aptitude tests and patterns of cognitive performance. Factors…

A sample of 80 families with a 2- or 3-year-old child in day care in one of four popular forms (baby sitter in the child's own home, family day care, part-time nursery program, and full-time day care center program) participated in a study of the effects of forms of care on children's development. Parents and caretakers were interviewed, and…

A study examined the work value preferences of young women in their late teens and early twenties. A descriptive self-report instrument was administered to 496 female undergraduate students at a midwestern university. Respondents were asked to rate the importance of 30 work values that were organized into two groups--work values that directly…

While the educational structure seems to meet the needs of most students, a small but significant minority does not see the need to complete high school. To improve the identification of potential dropouts and describe the differences between dropouts and persisters, 536 Kentucky high school students and dropouts were studied. An unexpected…

Men and women in higher education administration were studied to determine the nature of self-orientation, family orientation, and career orientation. Of 900 female and male subjects randomly selected from national data bases and stratified according to sex and administrative level, 561 responded, and 40 percent of the sample were nuns and…

As part of New Zealand's Teacher Career and Promotion Study, a questionnaire was completed by 1,829 elementary and secondary school teachers. Four areas affecting women's representation in senior teaching positions are examined: length of service, family constraints, promotion experience, and career aspiration. More men than women had completed…

The purpose of this study was to examine the major determinants of the "staying" and "leaving" process for samples of Melbourne (Australia) male and female adolescents. Sixty attitudinal statements were obtained from 796 adolescents and factor analysed. The subset of independent variables, together with a set of personality and…

Current changes in the American nuclear family, the impact of changes in family structure on children, and a rationale for day care services are delineated in this literature review. The family modifications examined are (1) divorce, (2) remarriage, (3) single parenting, (4) father absence, (5) teenage parenting, and (6) extended families.…

The relationship between parents' attitudes, and elementary school children's attitudes toward self and toward school were examined in two age groups: first graders who were studied through grade 3, and fourth graders who were studied through grade 6. Five tests were administered to the children: Attitude Toward School, Piers-Harris Children's…

This paper presents guidelines for family support programs prepared for the Child and Family Resource Program (CFRP) and other child development programs. Section I contains a brief description of the CFRP philosophy, a listing of CFRP's long range goals, detailed objectives/minimum performance standards for implementing each of these goals, and…

Three longitudinal studies of student achievement test data were conducted to examine the extent to which the variation in student achievement can be explained by differences in student background (including socioeconomic and prior achievement data) and school resources. This model assumes that achievement test performance may be predicted by…

This review analyzes recent research on student personality, social and home environment, and the influence of these factors on academic achievement, particularly among minority and disadvantaged students. Several factors which purportedly affect student achievement and which are examined in the review include: (1) socioeconomic status and its…

Three areas are addressed in this paper: the family-in-crisis motif; the family as educator; and parent education. (1) The family in crisis: The family-in-crisis motif pervades both professional and popular commentary on the contemporary American family. There are powerful continuities in our perception of the American family crisis in every…

This paper examines the role of parents and friends (reference groups) in forming college students' sex-role orientations. Emphasis is placed on the mother's domestic, parental, and achieved (professional/occupational) role and on the mother's modeling transmission effect on her daughter's and son's sex-role attitudes. The hypothesis is that…

A summary of the research activities of 13 Head Start regional evaluation centers is presented in three sections: research on children, research on parents and families, and research on classrooms, teachers, and social organizations of Head Start centers. Studies are grouped under appropriate subheadings, such as "language" or…