From the mid-1950s to the 1960s, the government of Peru undertook a major expansion of public education, increasing the number of schools, requiring primary schools that offered an incomplete cycle to add grades, and increasing school inputs (principally teachers and textbooks). The effects of Peru's educational policies, and the effect of family…

This study sought to identify a set of factors that teacher candidates perceived to have influenced their decisions to become teachers and then to determine the family and personal characteristics of the candidates that might be associated with these perceived influences. The subjects were 377 teacher candidates commencing the teacher preparation…

This study assessed the relationship between success or non-success among siblings and their self-esteem levels and childhood family experiences. Thirty subjects divided in 15 subgroups of male and female siblings were studied; success was defined by membership in the country club. A three-part self-administered questionnaire was given to each…

The book analyzes how the persistence of poverty in the United States has reversed liberal and conservative positions, in that the liberals seem increasingly resigned merely to treat the effects of poverty, while conservatives, who once thought that trying to eliminate poverty was futile, are looking for ways to eradicate its causes. New…

This book is designed to help educators identify and eliminate gender bias from their classrooms. It will help educators assess their own level of gender bias, determine the effects of gender bias on students and society, and provide activities for eliminating gender biases. The book is divided into two sections: readings and 11 units of…

This study identified maternal and family environmental characteristics predictive of school readiness in Black, Hispanic, and Caucasian children, and evaluated how these predictors operate in equivalent or dissimilar ways in the three ethnic groups. Subjects were approximately 600 6- and 7-year-old children of women participating in the National…

Dealing with the critical years from birth through kindergarten, this micromonograph answers parents' questions about when and how to prepare a child for reading. The pamphlet discusses in depth these suggestions: (1) talking and reading to the child, (2) letting the child read and write, (3) being a model of reading and writing behavior, and (4)…

This study examined the effects of family communication environment and parental mediation of television content on third-, sixth-, and ninth-graders' perceptions of realism and similarity of television content and identification with television characters. Subjects, 627 northern California students and 486 of their parents, responded to episodes…

Current research on adolescence provides plenty of facts about delinquency, unemployment, and illegitimacy, yet tells us little or nothing about the inner life of adolescents. In an attempt to provide more information, the research reported on here describes the "periods" of adolescence as they are structured in the various…

Information is presented on a study designed to learn how successful Mexican American students surmount the factors contributing to Mexican American student attrition at the University of Arizona. The subjects were from the 1985 entering freshman class. Intensive interviews were conducted with each student, and content analysis of the interviews…

This paper uses a structural model with a large random sample of urban children to explain children's competence in math concepts and computation at the time they begin first grade. These two aspects of math ability respond differently to environmental resources, with math concepts much more responsive to family factors before formal schooling…

Reviewed are studies describing how forms and features of child care systems can influence the development of social competency with peers during the infancy to preschool periods of development. Interactions between the child care and familial systems in influencing social competency with peers are also examined. Sections of the review focus on…

Continuing the work synthesized in the Commission on Reading report "Becoming a Nation of Readers," this guide charts 31 programs (described in "Educational Programs That Work") validated by the National Diffusion Network that meet the commission's 17 major recommendations. The guide will enable educators to see which of the…

During the second year of a 3-year study involving 112 Iowa farm families, mothers of children aged 4 to 10 years old expressed expectations of independence, responsibility, and hard work from their children during home interviews. The importance of the parent-child relationship together with the lack of sufficient child-rearing research on rural…

This anthology of papers is designed to serve both as a textbook and as a synthesis of research efforts in youth sport. Half of the 20 papers are reprinted from the first edition of this volume; of the remainder, some were written especially for this edition, while others are culled from journals and conference proceedings. Five subject sections…