This study examined the relation between exploratory behavior and (1) the experimenter-child relationship, and (2) teacher ratings of dependency and autonomous achievement striving. Subjects were 34 girls and 38 boys randomly selected from two prekindergartens. Experimental conditions consisted of two levels of pre-experimental social interaction…

This paper examines the major theoretical approaches to the study of socialization, with an emphasis on media effects. The three major bodies of literature studied are the major theoretic approaches utilized in the general area of developmental psychology, the theoretical paradigms evident in studies dealing more specifically with child…

This report describes a naturalistic observational study concerned with the functions of aggression in children and how they change with age. Background on aggression is provided through a discussion of the problems of definition and ontogenesis, which have led to a general shortage of relevant developmental data. This study involved 102 children,…

The paper relates the development of childhood behavior problems to a developmental theory of the acquisition of psycho-social skills in children. The influence of Eric Erikson (1950) on the ideas expressed is acknowledged. It is stated that each of the major types of behavior problems (withdrawal, impulsivity, dependence) results from a major…

The question of achievement motivation in relation to developing countries is explored. A foundation for the study is achieved through discussion of the socialization processes as they are affected by education and economic growth. It is suggested that the societal system determines motivation and values which in turn cause and determine the…

Discussions in this paper concern: (1) some findings from observations of social interactions among children attending a national sample of Head Start programs; (2) the recommendations for research on socialization presented by Sowder and Lazar (1973) to the Federal Interagency Panel on Early Child Development; and (3) the significance of…

Observational learning requires exposure to modeling cues, acquisition of the ability to reproduce what is seen or heard, and acceptance of the model's behavior as a guide for one's own actions, as imitation, counter-imitation, disinhibition, or inhibition. In this overview paper, the author considers a large body of research, especially that…

This report presents the results of a study made to discover what changes are made in students' occupational plans and attitudes after attending 4 years of agricultural school. The Missouri College of Agriculture was the site of the study, and the 1964 freshman class was the focus. Questionnaires regarding occupational choice and socioeconomic…

Stereotyped views of active masculinity and passive femininity have recently come under increasingly critical scrutiny. From the abstract to the practical, the authors see a growth of efforts toward equality of social opportunity regardless of biological differences. The central thesis of the paper is that women are repeatedly subject to…

The relationships among mass media, interpersonal communication, and voting behavior were explored in a two-stage panel study of 141 respondents during a 1974 Illinois congressional election. Analyses of perceived exposures to mass media and to interpersonal communication were interpreted as supporting Rogers and Shoemakers' (1971)…

The task of this chapter is to explore the relationship that exists between individuals and society in the American culture. A special emphasis is placed on the experience of growing up in America and attention is given to those portions of everyday life that create the varying images of self and humankind that young people accept as real.…

Long range effects may be of three varieties: those which are observable in the immediate period subsequent to exposure but are long range because of their continuing repetitive accumulation with each exposure; those which represent the cumulative or delayed impact on individuals of exposure to television; or those which represent the immediate…

The role of the engineering university in expanding the ranks of proletarian intellectuals is emphasized. (DE)

Article provided a brief look at the history and development of sex roles in an attempt to understand how that role definition developed and why it is only now being seriously challenged. (Author/RK)

Examination is made of a theory that claims that though schools are ostensibly committed to the personal development of the student and to providing equality of opportunity, their real purpose is to integrate youth into society to reproduce the inequalities of everyday life in capitalist America. (JD)