Demonstrates young children's shift toward a taxonomic basis for organization of both named and depicted objects. Concludes that perceptual organization in young children cannot be attributed to an inability to ignore visual information but seems to be based upon the centrality of perceptual features to the representation of objects. (Author/NH)

Three experiments tested for developmental changes in attention to auditory and visual signals. Results showed that adults and seven-year-olds tended to allocate their attention to vision rather than audition when no precue was provided. While not entirely consistent, results with four-year-olds suggested a similar biasing of attention to vision.…

While all six severely retarded adults increased their work output over the 35 18-minute sesions, it was concluded that the reinforcement contingencies were influential in only four Ss. It was speculated that auditory stimulation may be a more potent motivator than visual stimulation. (Author/CL)

In this study, secondary school students in India, Scotland, and Africa were tested on learning and recall of material presented in words and/or pictures.

Habituation patterns of the galvanic skin response to auditory stimuli were studied in institutionalized retarded children and nonretarded subjects. (Author)

Twenty-seven 4-month-old infants heard a repetitive auditory rhythm, then viewed silent film of puppet opening/closing its mouth, either in the familiar rhythm or a novel rhythm. Results showed infants exposed to the novel condition watched the film longer than infants shown the familiar condition, providing evidence for auditory-visual transfer…

Judges who were either experienced or inexperienced in listening to deaf speakers were asked to recognize speech sounds in word contexts presented in two modes: auditory only and auditory-visual. The experienced and inexperienced listener groups performed similarly. (Author/SEW)

Discusses spontaneous conversational situation in which a child recognizes the difference between his/her output and the adult model and his/her ensuing struggle in arriving at a new phonological rule to correct his/her utterances. (EKN)

Eight sets of paired auditory and visual stimuli were constructed. Each member of the auditory pair was matched by one member of the visual pair (e.g., ascending "tone/up arrow"; descending "tone/down arrow"). Sixty-one infants with a mean age of 11.4 months were presented matching and unmatching stimuli; total fixation time…

Assessed 32 preschoolers' coding processes under aural and visual input modalities. It was found that preschoolers' free recall was affected by semantic rather than phonetic similarity, regardless of input modality. (Author/RH)

Newborn infants' fixation of a graduated series of visual stimuli significantly differed in the absence and presence of white-noise bursts. Relative to the no-sound condition, sound resulted in the infants' tendency to look more at the low-intensity visual stimulus and less at the high- intensity visual stimulus. (Author/DB)