Assesses preschoolers' and adults' relative ability to solve classification problems in which a similarity criterion is the only criterion appropriate for solution. Also investigates effects of the salience of individual dimensions on solution-relevant similarity classifications. (AS)

Examines the relationship between preschool children's (n = 96) cognitive processing of video (V) and audio (A) information on television under four conditions: A/V match, A/V mismatch, V alone, and A alone. Results suggest that in regular television programs the video material simply appears to be more salient and more memorable than the audio…

Results of this experiment show a considerable release from proactive inhibition with a shift from words to pictures or pictures to words, thus adding one more change to the considerable number of category changes which produce the release phenomenon. (Author/CB)

Based on the author's master's thesis, University of Kansas, Kansas City, 1968. (JJ)

Using an objective measure of attention obtained during a baseline period, assesses in two studies the effects of attention on operant learning among 240 infants 14 weeks of age who were rewarded for kicking with a pattern of lights and tones. (RH)

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the relative efficiency of verbal and visual adjunct aids for concrete and abstract prose learning. For the abstract passage, verbal aids worked best and visual aids were somewhat disruptive. The concrete passage did not demonstrate the equivalency for two types of aids. (Author/PN)

Intraperceptual theories of attention allow for the selective modulation of amount of nonconscious, perceptual processing of concurrent stimuli. Previous research is inconclusive because of the lack of an appropriate measure of perceptual processing. This experiment provides such a measure. The data support a broad version of intraperceptual…

Five experiments are reported concerning the effect on visual information processing of concurrently maintaining verbal information. The results suggest that the left cerebral hemisphere functions as a typical limited-capacity information processing system that can be influenced somewhat separately from the right hemisphere system. (Author/CTM)

Proposes an alternative to Milgram's overload model of urban behavior. Suggests that intense, complex and/or novel stimuli may lead to positive as well as negative effects, and that this may vary across persons or over time. Presents data that confirm the importance of urban complexity as an organizing variable. (Author/GC)

Using a visual conditional stimulus and an auditory unconditional stimulus in a trace procedure, the heart rate conditioning of 16 infants ranging in age from two to seven months was evaluated. (MP)

Defines six types of illustrations and reports on a study of student preference for those picture styles. The subjects (380 students in grades K, 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, and 11) generally preferred photographs, with realistic drawings ranked second. But there were significant differences between sexes and age groups. (Author/JEG)

The performance of 53 younger adults (mean age 20.7) and 52 older adults (mean age 68.3) was compared in a memory task involving pictures, words, and pictures-plus-words. Results showed (1) significantly higher recall scores for younger adults; (2) equivalent picture superiority effect for both groups; and (3) decline in older adults' performance…