The effect on students' scores of different item formats used in standardized reading achievement tests was investigated. Thirty-one bilingual Mexican-American second grade students were given a phonics test using four different formats derived from three standardized reading achievement tests. The formats sampled identical content. A two-way…

In order to alleviate present and anticipated personnel shortages, the Armed Services will have to move away from the present reliance on young adults as a source of personnel. Questions remain about the effects of age changes in cognition on work performance of older personnel. Changes in cognitive capacities over the adult working years are…

Scores from the American Board of Internal Medicine certification examination (ABIM) were analyzed to relate the quality of physician performance (best indicated by ABIM scores) to early factors in the physician's training. Data were obtained on 438 1955, 1960, 1965, and 1969 graduates of nine unnamed medical schools. Regression analyses were…

Attributions of causes of successful task performances as a function of task and sex of the performer were investigated. Introductory psychology students (N=157) were presented with closed-circuit, videotaped episodes in which a male or female stimulus person performed a card-guessing task for 10 trials. Subjects heard the task described to the…

With the theory that social and personal values influence the conduct of evaluation studies in education, the author discusses the impact of two major sources of such values--contextual factors, including political, social and organizational influences; and the terminology, models, and personal values of evaluators. Alternative purposes for an…

Student performance objectives for the North Carolina Senior High Assessment of Reading Performance (SHARP) and the Test of Proficiency in Computation Skills (TOPICS) are given. These minimum competency tests are structured in such a way as to facilitate the transference of school-based learning into everyday life. For example, students taking the…

The eventual role that educational and clinical sport psychologists may play in assisting high-level athletes is discussed. An example of research on Olympic-level rifle and pistol shooters is presented as an example of how sport scientists can be involved in influencing policy for Olympic athletes. Obstacles which prevent the applied potential of…

Two groups of 15 Administrative Specialists, 7lL Military Occupational Speciality (MOS), participated in four job-task refresher training sessions designed to enhance the typewriting of military correspondence. One group performed under a study training method which allowed use of a Correspondence Manual while arranging materials into the correct…

THE SUBCULTURE IS EXTREMELY SIGNIFICANT IN THE CHILD'S STATE OF PREPAREDNESS FOR LEARNING AT THE TIME OF ENTRY INTO SCHOOL. HIS SELF-CONCEPT, LEVEL OF ASPIRATION, MOTIVATION, AND OVERALL APPRECIATION OF THE EDUCATIONAL PROCESS AND ITS GOALS ARE PRODUCTS OF HIS ENVIRONMENT. THE SUBCULTURE OF THE NEGRO HAS BEEN, AND STILL IS, CHARACTERIZED BY…

TWO EXPERIMENTS WERE CONDUCTED TO ANALYZE THE SPECIFIC EXTERNAL FACTORS THAT CONTRIBUTE MOST SIGNIFICANTLY TO STUDENT LEARNING. THE THREE HYPOTHESES TESTED WERE--(1) LEARNING IS INCREASED WHEN AN EXPERIMENTER ACTIVELY AUGMENTS THE PROGRAM BY REPHRASING PROGRAM STATEMENTS AND BY BRANCHING THE STUDENT TO DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE PROGRAM WHEN THE…

This study was designed as a partial replication and extension of the research on interpersonal problem solving in preschool children by Shure and Spivack. Fifteen well-adjusted and 14 impulsive children from Head Start Centers were administered the Preschool Interpersonal Problem Solving test (PIPS) under either incentive or no incentive…

This research seeks to develop a theory of children's achievement motivation and to move research in the direction of greater educational application. Five studies demonstrate that: (1) high anxious children function very poorly on basic arithmetic skills in conditions involving time pressure and some failure but do almost as well as low anxious…

The Fry Graph for Estimating Readability (Extended) and George Magginnis' formula for passages shorter than 100 words were used in an investigation of the reading levels of 18 mathematics textbooks produced for grades one through six by three major publishers. The results indicated that the readability levels of the textbooks were inaccurate. Few…

Research regarding adolescent outcome for hyperactive youngsters is reviewed. It is noted that hyperactive adolescents are at risk for a variety of academic, emotional, and societal difficulties which apparently develop regardless of whether the child was successfully treated with medication, even though short term studies have shown syptomatic…

Of 21 studies on the effect that question placement had on reading comprehension, ten favored and eleven opposed the use of prequestions. A review of these studies suggests that the issue is not whether prequestions or postquestions produce greater gains in reading comprehension. What remains to be examined is the change in reading comprehension…