This paper describes the results of some same-college-age peer tutoring experiments. It is based on a theoretical model that calls for greater satisfaction and performance to result from being assigned the role of tutor than of tutee, and under equitable (status-congruent) rather than inequitable conditions. Same-sex tutoring pairs were formed of…

After reviewing the evidence that boys in American elementary schools are far more likely than girls to have serious reading problems, this report considers two lines of investigation into this discrepancy. The first line of investigation is based on the hypothesis that the predominance of female teachers in elementary schools is responsible for…

AMONG THE ESSENTIAL PERSONAL QUALITIES REQUIRED OF SUCCESSFUL MANAGERS OR POTENTIAL MANAGERS, A BALANCED TEMPERAMENT AND THE CAPACITY TO SEE THE OTHER PERSON'S POINT OF VIEW SHOULD BE STRESSED. FULLER AND BROADER KNOWLEDGE, GREATER SKILL IN JUDGMENT AND DECISION, AND GREATER MATURITY IN EXERCISING RESPONSIBILITY AND INTERPRETING EXPERIENCE MUST BE…

THIS STUDY WAS DESIGNED TO TEST HYPOTHESES THAT LIBRARY SCHOOL GRADUATES AS BOOK SELECTORS FOR PUBLIC LIBRARY COLLECTIONS ARE SUPERIOR TO UNTRAINED LIBRARIANS. A STUDY WAS MADE OF LIBRARY STANDARDS AND LIBRARY LITERATURE IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH GENERALLY ACCEPTED PRINCIPLES WHICH RESULT IN BUILDING GOOD LIBRARY COLLECTIONS. TWO GROUPS OF TEN…

To investigate the attributional processes mediating between outcome and expectancies and persistence, children's expectancies, attributions and response latency were measured. Children, equally divided into three age groups (three-five, six-eight, nine-twelve) were shown figures to match and were provided with experimentally controlled feedback…

A study was conducted to examine the relationship between the reading skill of male Naval recruits and their performance during the first year in the Navy, as indicated by discharge during or after recruit training, behavioral infractions, and recommendations for reenlistment. The average reading grade level equivalency score obtained on the…

Recent evidence indicates that subjects experience "distress" when they are beneficiaries of an inequitable distribution of rewards in a dyad. Yet, reinforcement theory postulates that individuals should experience more pleasure, the greater the reward they receive. An impression management hypothesis would reconcile these apparently opposing…

This study sought to determine if eight selected variables would discriminate between the remediated reading group and the not-remediated reading group of 1,224 learning disabled children involved in an individualized diagnostic reading program, in grades one to six. The Slosson Intelligence Test was administered prior to placement in the program.…

Quality of performance feedback provided an individual may have pronounced impact on his motivation level and be at least partly responsible for social facilitation results. Male students (N=118) performed a dart-throwing task in the presence or absence of a three-person evaluative audience. After each of seven trials they received consistently…

This study explored the relationship between young children's affective states and general expectancies for rewarding or punishing events. Subjects were 24 children, ages 4 and 5, from middle-class families. Positive, neutral, or negative affect was induced by having the children think happy, neutral, or sad thoughts for a short period. Two tasks…

Compared were the perceptual and gross motor abilities of 30 mentally retarded and 25 nonretarded 10- to 12-year-old children. Performance data on such motor tasks as the agility run, 20-yard dash, obstacle course, and target hop were recorded, with separate data for the retarded Ss on the basis of etiological classification (Down's Syndrome,…

Performance is affected by cognitive learning skills, but also by the reasons people perceive as causes of their successes and failures. People with high achievement needs perceive their successes as caused by their own ability and effort, and their failures as caused by lack of effort. People with low achievement needs blame their failures on…

Three experiments were conducted investigating information processing in a person perception task. A sequential judgement paradigm was employed in which subjects judged the suitability of stimulus persons for two different occupations. Traits describing each person were present for subjects' first judgements but not their second. Second decision…

Two experiments are reported examining the influence of the relationship between judgemental sets on the processing and integration of information in a person perception task. Experiment I showed that subjects made an occupational judgement about another more quickly when the judgement was similar rather than dissimilar to a previous occupational…

The major purpose of this experiment was to examine the effects of format (bar graphs vs. tables) and organization (by year vs. by brand) on the speed and accuracy of extrapolation and interpolation with multiple, nonlinear trend displays. Fifty-six undergraduates enrolled in the College of Education at the University of Delaware served as the…