A comparison was made of the reading errors of poor second-grade readers with low scores on geometric figure-copying tests with the errors of poor readers with high scores on such tests. Results indicated quantitative but not qualitative differences in the errors made. (A A)

In a study of declining college entrance examination scores, it was found that student-related factors, such as academic courses taken, were more closely related to test scores than school-related or family structure factors. (ED.)

Examines leadership, especially as it applies to the supervisor within the corporate environment. Begins with a general discussion about what leadership is, the functions of leadership, and the styles of leadership, then covers some characteristics associated with effective leadership and ways for managers to increase their leadership…

The learned helplessness model of depression predicts that any effective treatment for reactive depression should also reverse performance deficits associated with experimentally induced helplessness, and vice versa. This study tests that prediction with college students who were exposed to experimental manipulations designed to induce…

Games must be designed to meet childrens' different developmental needs and potentials. (JD)

This survey of 11-, 12-, and 15-year-old English schoolchildren suggests that (1) at each level of family environment, increases in affective characteristics are associated with increments in cognitive scores, and (2) at each level of attitudes toward school and locus of control, increases in family environment scores are related to increments in…

This research was done to determine if a random sample of normal first-grade children would demonstrate performance changes on a process assessment task when differential reinforcers were employed. A number of students improved under one of the reinforcers, but an equal number demonstrated depressed performance. (Author)

Incorporates measures of family environment (parent-child interaction) into research methodology to study the effects of sibsize (family size and birth order) on a child's cognitive performance and affective behavior. Provides tentative support for the confluence model of sibsize influences on children's behaviors. (RL)

Supports the notion that personality affects cognitive test performance and that such a relation can be experimentally demonstrated. (RL)

Perhaps the most disturbing aspect of television's impact lies in its creation of a generation of viewers incapable of making critical judgments about the media, their world, or themselves. (JD)

High school students (N=126) responded to questionnaire measures of chronic self-esteem (CSD), task-specific self-esteem (TSSE), and locus of control of reinforcements (L of C) varied in level of task difficulty (TD). The overall relationships of TSSE and L of C with TP were each moderated significantly by TD. (Author)

In this study comparing the knowledge and skill attained by university women in beginning tennis under three different time schedules, it was found that time schedules may not be as important as other factors in the learning and performance of tennis skills. (MM)

Notes that racism, like casteism, is structural. The manifestation and tools of racism are systematic discrimination in the interest of sustained racial privilege. (Author/AM)

Notes that the children who improved the most on re-test were also those who had the highest general academic standing, suggesting that a general compliance to instruction (rather than practice alone) is an important determinant of performance change on this test. (Author/AM)

Factors causing the resignation or dismissal of high school athletic coaches are discussed, and implications for the preparation of future coaches are presented. (MB)