Young adults and older adults participated in a weight discrimination study to decide if two weights lifted successively were the same or different and to rate the decision confidence of responses. Younger adults discriminated between weights better than older adults and men discriminated better than women. (Author/CC)

Addresses the concept underlying Job Performance Aids, (JPAs), reviews research which has been done on JPAs, and describes how they are currently being used. An innovative approach for using computers to assist in improving job performance in the Navy is described, and 11 references are listed. (MER)

Second- and sixth-grade boys were paired with a friend or an acquaintance (N=120), and each dyad completed a problem-solving task under cooperative, competitive, or no reward contingencies. Communicative exchange, affective expression, synchrony of task-oriented behavior, and task performance were examined for evidence of purported mutuality in…

Tested hypotheses derived from Beck's cognitive theory of depression. Subjects rated performance before and after receiving feedback on a social interaction task. Results showed depressed males and females had more negative evaluation of present circumstances and poorer memory for feedback. Data were partially supportive of Beck's theory regarding…

Examined performance of female alcoholics, recovered alcoholics, and controls on the Brain-Age Quotient (BAQ) and subtests. The mean BAQs of the alcoholics and recovered alcoholics were significantly lower than that of the controls. Results suggest a differential recovery of cognitive abilities in abstinent female alcoholics. (Author)

Recommends developing training materials which direct the transfer of skills learned during the training experience to actual job situations. Results-oriented training would meet seven criteria: (1) systems focus, (2) performance objectives, (3) media selection, (4) skill transfer, (5) training validation, (6) performance implementation, and (7)…

Examined children's recall of the spatial configurations of an environment after the children followed prearranged paths and encountered barriers to movement. When asked to reconstruct the environmental configuration from memory, males estimated distances more accurately than did females. No age differences were noted. (Author/DB)

Two studies were conducted to determine whether students perceive meaningful influence patterns among the causal variables involved in determining exam performance. It was observed that the students perceived a number of both unidirectional and bidirectional intercausal effects; these were related to both perceived success and causal attributions.…

Successful programs of continuing professional education must involve both the improvement of the learner's competence and the restructuring of the work environment to stimulate, encourage, recognize, and reward improved performance. (Journal availability: Subscription Manager, MOBIUS, University of California Press, Berkeley CA 94720.) (SK)

Presents the performance appraisal model for student advisement, a centralized developmental model that focuses on the content and process of advisement. The model has three content objectives: job definition, performance assessment, and goal setting. Operation of the model is described. Benefits and potential limitations are identified. (Author)

Concludes that reading comprehension tests that are valid for beginning readers should incorporate different factors than tests appropriate for upper elementary readers, since word recognition and word meaning are prime sources of difficulty for younger readers while content density depresses the performance of readers in upper elementary grades.…

Noted are problems such as the increased incidence of handicaps additional to the hearing impairment, the lack of homogeneity among the hearing impaired, and the poor language ability of most hearing impaired students. Current programs in Missouri, California, and New York are briefly described. (DB)

Children worked on a matrix task in either a noisy environment or in a quiet environment. Children's performance on the intellectual task increased with age. In the environment with classroom noise, boys consistently solved more complex matrix problems than did girls. (Author)

Examination results were compared among pupils at three schools with different provision policies for the 16+ examinations. Results at both 16+ and "A" level confirm previous findings that intelligence and social background relate significantly to examination performance. The school policy variations were also found to significantly…

Three dimensions of humanistic education are used to examine the idea of educational accountability: the systemic-organizational, the interpersonal, and the personal. Implications of the personal dimension of accountability are presented. (JMF)